2012, Vol., No.33

日本硏究 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.41

pISSN : 1229-6309
https://journal.kci.go.kr/cajjso

This paper observes carefully about variety usages of <negative sentences>. Many features and functions can be found;First, there are three types of the negative sentences. The typical negative sentence which accompany 「nai」and contains a negative meaning is one of types. Another one is that the sentence accompany 「nai」, but it does not have any negative meanings. The last type does not have 「nai」 or other negative meaning words in the sentence but it delivers a negative message. This book/dissertation categorizes negative sentences with two groups. The first group is named ‘the core of negative sentence’. The other is ‘the surroundings of negative sentence’. Therefore, these two groups of negative sentences form the broad category of the negative sentence. Second, this book/dissertation observes variety negative sentences in the light of functioning. As a result, the sentences of the core of negative sentences deny the wrong information of others. In contrast, the surrounding negative sentences express the lack, blame, disappointment from expectation indirectly. Moreover, these sentences have the form of positive sentence but deliver the negative thoughts and intentions.

This paper analyzes the Japanese relative clause studies which were published by Chinese National Core Journals and then summarizes the status quo and trend in terms of research method and linguistic theory. First, the researches in China focus on the verbs in the clause, most of which are from masters’ and PHDs’ dissertations. Second, the language contrast study is still used by most language researchers. Inoue(2006) put forward three types theory-analyzing and inducing, itemizing and relating, in which the first two types are often used to research on Japanese relative clause in China. The researchers seldom choose the type of relating in the study, which is the better way to show the language characteristics that cannot be found in the monolingual study. Third, Yang Kairong(2011) thoroughly summarizes and interprets the reasons that cause the syntactical differences of Japanese and Chinese relative clauses. Fourth, Corpus Analyzing Tool developed by Shi Jianjun(2010) is contributing to the collecting of Japanese relative clauses from samples. Fifth, various languages theories are employed to analyze syntactical functions. Besides the traditional theories put forward by the Chinese and Japanese linguistics, the cognitive linguistics is applied by more and more researchers.

Compared to other languages, Japanese has a lot of homonyms due to the small number of syllables. As a result, linguistic efficiency is relatively low because of the lack of distinctive function. To solve this problem, Japanese has changed in relaxation of restriction in use of syllable conjunction. Also this phenomena became a norm in change of history in language. As examples of relaxation of restriction are collapse of using syllable conjucion rule in Zyoudai-kanazukai(上代仮名遣い), Daku-on(濁音) in the first of words, allowance of Ragyou-on(ラ行音), collapse of rule of Rendaku(連濁), Renzyou(連声), increasing of You-on(拗音) syllable, allowance of Pagyou-on(パ行音), allowance of Soku-on(促音) in front of consonants or Hagyou-on(ハ行音), organization of Kagyou-Nasals(ガ行鼻音). The relaxations of restriction in use are results of the acceptance of foreign syllables as well as changes of phonemes and lead linguistic efficiency to adjust the development of Japanse modern culture.