2021, Vol., No.55

日本硏究 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.41

pISSN : 1229-6309
https://journal.kci.go.kr/cajjso

This study identifies the meaning and variety of the functions of “nanimo” regarding its negative expression in modern Japanese language. In past research, various aspects and characteristics of “nanimo” as negative expressions have not been thoroughly investigated. This study surveys examples from several resources such as BCCWJ and is able to identify the distinctions of “nanimo” in response to negative expressions, including its meaning and functions. First, the findings identify two distinct meanings of “nanimo” in negative expressions; an inward and an outward meaning, with their own distinct characteristics that are not compatible each other. Second, the meanings and functions of “nanimo” are sorted into several categories such as a quantitative, adverbial, dual, exclamatory, and emphasis application. Finally, negative expressions not responding to “nanimo” are also discussed. This research identifies expressions without reasons such as “～wake ga nai,～hazu ga nai,” expressions, which described phenomena or discovery like “～ga nai,” and where “nanimo” is not used with negative adjectives. Furthermore, in case of positive expressions, “nanimo” is not used together. Additionally, when evaluations of audience is included in one’s expression, “nanimo” is not used.

This paper involves the adoption of KakaoTalk’s Bulletin Board to increase communication efficiency with learners in online Tourism Japanese classes held during the COVID-19 era. An analysis is conducted on the role of the instructor using responses from 33 learners, after one semester of using the bulletin board. The findings indicate the following. First, the instructor plays the role of a supervisor, facilitator, and provider of supplementary materials. Second, Frequency of the announcements posted on the KakaoTalk bulletin board was examined and ranked. The order is as follows, General Notice(Class-related)>Assignment Details>Review> Audio File Attachment>Online Class Guide>List Of Assignment Submissions>General notice(School Life). Third, Learners were asked objective test questions about their use of the KakaoTalk bulletin board. Results rank in the order, Convenience>Finding Desired Content, Learning & Participation management>Memorization, Review>Self-directed Learning. Fourth, Learners were asked subjective test questions about their use of the KakaoTalk bulletin board. Results rank in the order, Learning & Comprehension>management>Review>Accessibility> supplementary materials. Fifth, For excellent learners in group A, the KakaoTalk bulletin board was used as a tool to enhance ‘Review’ and ‘Learning & Comprehension’, which is different from below average learners in group B, who used the bulletin board as a tool to boost ‘Supervision’ and ‘Learning & Comprehension’.

Several studies have been conducted regarding “hodo” in ancient languages and comparisons with expressions like “kurai”. However, previous research has not focused on the differences between “hodo” and “hodoni” or their use in modern Japanese language. This paper analyzes “hodo” and “hodoni” used after the verbs in modern Japanese, using practical sentences, with an aim to examine the similarities and differences between “hodo” and “hodoni.” The analysis results can be summarized as follows. First, the meaning of “hodo” can be divided into the two cases: ① the case of degree and ② the case of proportional change. Second, while the meaning of “hodoni” can be divided into the three cases: ① the case of degree, ② the case of proportional change, and ③ the case of cause, the analysis shows that 223 individual words of front verbs are used in “hodo” or “hodoni,” and only nine are used in both. Comparative studies verify that in principle only verb predicates could be used for the predicate of “hodoni.” In summary, “hodo” is used 5.5 times more frequently than “hodoni” in quantity, and both “hodo” and “hodoni” have the case of degree and the case of proportional change in a quality perspective. Therefore, we conclude that “hodo” is widely used in modern Japanese language as “hodo” has more types of front verbs and predicates than “hodoni.”