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The Implications of Adam Smith’s Moral Philosophy in the Tradition of Scottish Moral Philosophy

  • Civil Society and NGO
  • 2015, 13(2), pp.229~264
  • Publisher : The Third Sector Institute
  • Research Area : Social Science > Social Science in general > Other Social Science in general

Youngjae Yi 1

1한양대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study examines the implications of Adam Smith’s moral philosophy in the tradition of Scottish moral philosophy. Adam Smith’s moral philosophy faithfully succeeds Scottish moral philosophy because first, the moral theory based on human nature unfolds with “emotions” (senses) or “empathy” instead of “reason.” Second, human nature is discussed from the “social” perspective based on “moral senses” or “empathy,” instead of “selfishness.” Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments, however, develops the concept of “spectators” in Scottish moral philosophy to the next level and establishes the concept of “the impartial spectator” and reflects the spectator as the medium of fairness based on an empathy principle. This was to ensure that moral decisions made were objective. Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments is distinguished from traditional Scottish moral philosophy because, first, Smith distinguishes the common good from the basis of moral philosophy to establish a new moral philosophy theory. Second, unlike Hume who considered “justice” to be an artificial virtue, Smith discussed the theory of justice based on human nature. However, in Smith’s moral philosophy, whether the moral role of distinguishing “moral sense” from “inner sense” can be replaced by the empathy principle, and whether the human nature-based theory of justice prioritizes justice over humane affection must be reviewed closely.

Citation status

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.