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The Establishment and Activities of the Independent Masan Jesus Church: A Christian Social Ethics Perspective - A Reexamination of the Autonomous and Free Church Movement in the 1920s–1930s

  • The Korean Journal of Chiristian Social Ethics
  • Abbr : 기사윤
  • 2026, (64), pp.419~466
  • Publisher : The Society Of Korean Christian Social Ethics
  • Research Area : Humanities > Christian Theology
  • Received : November 15, 2025
  • Accepted : December 16, 2025
  • Published : April 30, 2026

Hong SeongPyo 1

1연세대학교 국학연구원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The Masan Church dispute transcended an internal congregational conflict to involve the Gyeongnam Presbytery and the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, emerging as a matter of concern for the Korean church as a whole. Sparked by a group of elders’ rejection of Pastor Park Seung-myeong, the con- gregation initially sought resolution through denominational procedures. However, the Presbytery’s inappropriate intervention, coupled with the biased judgment of the General Assembly’s special committee, escalated the dispute and ultimately resulted in the establishment of an independent church. The controversy concluded when the Presbytery refused to comply with the General Assembly’s decision to conduct a reinvestigation. Contrary to prevailing interpretations, Pastor Park was not the central actor in this process. Lay members played a decisive role in both the development of the conflict and the founding of the Independent Masan Jesus Church. Their movement aimed to move beyond a pastor-centric ecclesiastical structure and to create a church that reflected the will and agency of the laity. In this respect, the Independent Masan Jesus Church exemplifies a significant lay-led church reform movement and Christian social activism that engaged local communities in Korea during the 1920s and 1930s.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2024 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.