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Policy Directions for Social Integration of North Korean Defectors

  • DONG-A LAW REVIEW
  • 2013, (61), pp.29-52
  • Publisher : The Institute for Legal Studies Dong-A University
  • Research Area : Social Science > Law

Chung Young Sang 1

1동국대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Social integration of South an North Korea is a precondition For a successful reunification of the two nations. South Korea needs to provide conditions for social integration by unifying possible social areas not only in legal systems but also conventions of each social area of both countries. For South Korea to take an initiative on them after the upcoming reunification, South Korean should be able to embrace those residents who escaped from the North and settled down in South Korea. Another precondition for a successful reunification is South-South integration, which includes social integration policies. Offering education, jobs, and social security for North Korean defectors in the South is a good example for the external integration while enhancing mutual understandings on different cultures from each other and facilitating their social interaction and enculturation should be provided on the level of internal integration. The legal policies for both external and internal integrations should be implemented in line with each other for successful and smooth transition. Priorities for a stable resettlement of North Korean defectors in South Korea are employment and education. Policy directions should be established from the perspectives of humanitarianism and preparation for unification. In order to secure efficiency in support, the resettlement support system should be built and operated linking the central government, local governments and non-governmental organizations, and systemic adjustment training appropriate to defectors' abilities and aptitudes should be provided; the number of specialized schools and alternative schools should be increased to equalize educational opportunities for teenagers who defected from the North; additionally, social safety networks, customized support programs and welfare facilities should be sharply expanded. The successful adjustment and adaptation of North Korean defectors to South Korean society will contribute to integration within South Korea as well as the overall integration of South and North Korea; this will also advance inter-Korean unification. Legislation and policy support will be needed in such a direction.

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