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A Study on the Sui–Goguryeo Wars and the Identification of Place-Names through Historical Sources

  • International Journal of Glocal Language and Literary Studies(약칭: IGLL)
  • Abbr : IGLL
  • 2025, 21(21), pp.246~263
  • Publisher : Glocal Institute of Language and Literary Studies(GILLS)
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities
  • Received : November 20, 2025
  • Accepted : December 15, 2025
  • Published : December 31, 2025

Nam, Eui-Hyeon 1

1강원대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The Sui dynasty’s invasions of Goguryeo stemmed from the latter’s consolidation of power in Manchuria, its refusal to participate in the China-centered regional order, and the resulting destabilization of Liaoxi. By aligning with Khitan and Mohe groups, Goguryeo expanded its northern sphere of influence while obstructing critical transportation and tributary networks that supported Sui unification. In response, the Sui court mobilized over 1.13 million soldiers—exceeding two million personnel when support units are included—mounting the largest military campaign in East Asian history. The main theater of conflict lay not on the Korean Peninsula but across the Manchurian corridor linking Liaoxi and Liaodong. This study reassesses the Sui–Goguryeo wars by foregrounding the spatial configuration of the battlefield and reconsidering longstanding historical-geographical assumptions. Previous scholarship has often misidentified major toponyms by equating classical river names with their modern Korean Peninsula counterparts: linking the Liaoshui (遼水) to today’s Liao River (Liaohe 遼河), the Amloksu (鴨綠水) to the modern Yalu River (Amnokgang 鴨綠江), the Salsu (薩水) to the Chongchon River, and Pyeongyang Fortress to present-day Pyongyang. A careful rereading of primary sources suggests alternative identifications: the Liaoshui corresponds to the Daling River, the Amloksu to the modern Liaohe, the Salsu to the Hun River, and Pyeongyang Fortress to Liaoyang in Liaoning Province. Recognizing Manchuria as the true center of the conflict highlights the need for systematic revalidation of river names, fortress locations, and key geographical markers through rigorous textual analysis and historical-geographical reconstruction.

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