2004, Vol., No.73

The Review of Korean History 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.02

pISSN : 1225-133X
https://journal.kci.go.kr/hksh

Until now the issue over the origin of Samhan has been explained through two points of view that are completely different. Some tend to view the whole Samhan of Mahan, Jinhan, Byeonjin han primarily as the result of the growth of indigenous power, while some others view of Mahan, Jinhan, Byeonjin as being related to the northern people’s migration to the south direction. But both views do not seem to match which the actual articles on the origin of Samhan in record of Hanjeon(韓傳), Samgukji(三國志). Since Samgukji Hanjeon manifests that Mahan was a kind of natives while Byeonjinhan(Byeonjin·Jinhan) were migrated power that came down to the south, the Samhan that has been mentioned in Samgukji Hanjeon can be inferred as having a binary structure in its origin. And the concept of ‘Samhan’ appear in Samgukji Hanjeon could be deciphered as a progressive viewpoint in the formation of Samhan. Also there are gaps in many aspects between the cultural inheritance of Mahan and Byeonjinhan as represented in Hanjeon, Samgukji. By the way some have so far dismissed them either as their cultural backwardness or advancedness of Mahan and Byeonjinhan, or some others have considered them as the reflection of hostility on the Chinese side in the wake of the expanding power of Mahan. And there still exists the question of whether it can be used as a ground for the difference in the chronology of the records, Hanjeon. However the difference between the culture of Mahan and Byeonjinhan could be interpreted in relation to the origin of Samhan. Though we shall premise that there was the common cultural foundation in the basic, overall cultural features for Mahan, Byeonjinhan, from a two-pier perspective on the origin, could witness the footprints of the cultural inheritance of the early of organization, Samhan.

The Korean Independence Army(KIA,韓國光復軍) was founded on September 17, 1940 at Chungking(重慶), at that time, where located the Chinese Provisional Capital during Japanese Invasion at the World War Ⅱ. The KIA attached to the Korean Provisional Government(KPG; 大韓民國臨時政府). The KIA’s top objective was tried to participate the Allied armies’ military operations against the Japanese Imperialism. Finally, the OSS(Office of Stretegic Service)’ agenda was selected instead of the KIA’s and could not help accepting its agenda. The OSS and KIA’s military exercise at the KIA’s Second Detachment finally was accepted at the upper American Military Commander in China. In May, 1945, the KPG had started so-called “the Eagle Project” at Xian(西安) in China, which aimed at educating the military intelligence personnels. Also, the KIA and OSS founded the Korean-American Joint Command at the KIA’s Second Detachment. On the while, this project engulfed many different reactions within the KPG. A section of the KPG, the Korean Independence Party(KIP; 韓國獨立黨), which is main supporting groups in this project within the KPG and such others section as the Korean National Revoultionary Party(KNRP; 朝鮮民族革命黨) and the New Korean Democratic Party(NKDP; 新韓民主黨) had struggled another to obtain their dominating power in the US and the KPG’s military intelligence project. In the neighboured leading power nation, China, never accepted the KPG’s approaching into the US. They had to leave the KPG’s military section into the Chinese military system. Another power which had approached and inspected this contact very delicately was the British. Their objective was to obtain the KPG’s personnels to despatch the Burma-India Theater, where they had combated against the Japanese.

This study explores the economic rehabilitation programs made by Korean Government and the Economic Cooperation Administration in Korea from 1948 to 1950. Following the establishment of the Korean Government, the Korean Government pledged itself word to be rehabilitated Korean economy on the basis of self sufficiency economy. Korean government made the “Five year economic recovery program” to implement the announcement. The program, which is the first synthesized economic rehabilitation program planned by Korean Government, pursued “agriculture and industry proceeding together policy.” It was focused to develop Agriculture, Mining, and electricity in the program. The planned production level of the heavy and chemical industry in the program was greatly high. That, however, doesn’t mean the program pursued the industrialization focucing on the heavy and chemical industry. Even though the Korean government was established, American government was still involved in and had influence on Korean economic affairs. In fact, the program made by Korean government leaned on the economic assistance of U.S toward Korea. After 1949, the Economic Cooperation Administration took charge the economic assistance toward Korea so they built a new economic rehabilitation program for Korea. It is concluded through the survey the program that the program pursued the equivalence of international balance of payments and the contents were the same with what Korean government pursued in the “Five year economic recovery program.” However, the economic programs to implement the “agriculture and industry proceeding together policy” were planned by both sides, the serious inflation in Korea was an obstacle to implementation of them. In addition, the Korean war broke out and the plan could not implement as planned.