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A Study on the Wonju Group's Consumer's Cooperatives Movements in Agricultural Areas in 1970s

  • The Review of Korean History
  • 2014, (114), pp.201-248
  • Publisher : The Historical Society Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Kim So Nam 1

1국사편찬위원회

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The Wonju Group with the relief and rehabilitation Committee, established due to the Great Flood of Namhan River basin in April 1972, as the center of its activities, helped farmers and miners in the flood-hit areas with emergency relief projects by conducting the restoration program for flood of Namhan River basin (1973) and Wonju Wonseong area (1976) and Korean beef cattle support program (1973). It also developed the civil-led cooperative movements in 80 or 90 rural villages, 13 cities and districts in 3 provinces, and more than 10 mining branches by operating village development and credit union movements in agricultural area. This study aims to elucidate the surroundings of the establishments and managements of consumer's cooperatives and cooperative markets in agricultural areas while community development movement was being conducted by the Wonju Group in the early 1970s. It also concerns with the process and features of the administration of the cooperative markets operated as a subsidiary projects of credit union, based on principles of the cooperative. A comparative analysis between the women's cooperative markets, installed and operated through the New Community Movement, and consumer's cooperatives and cooperative markets propelled by the relief and rehabilitation Committee also has been made. In 1970s, the relief and rehabilitation Committee, while conducting community development movement, supported the foundation and operation of cooperative markets as farmers in the region requested and hoped for that. Types of cooperative markets installed with the help of the committee could be specified into three cases; the women's cooperative markets, cooperative markets for agricultural product, and consumer's cooperatives. Only a few of the cooperative markets in agricultural villages in the early 1970s were operated based on principles of the cooperatives. This abnormal situation was derived from the lack of experience of the farmers in the civil-led cooperatives and insufficient management of comsumers' cooperatives courses. In the mid 1970s, the relief and rehabilitation Committee planned to have credit unions as the center of its community development movement and actively conduct credit union movements as the community development movement through the village councils and farmer's guilds was facing stagnation. The cooperative markets and comsumers' cooperatives in agricultural villages, as a subsidiary projects of credit union, were propelled to be spontaneously, independently and voluntarily operated by its own members, based on the 7 great principles of the cooperativesThe cooperative markets and comsumers' cooperatives established and managed by farmers in agricultural villages were important cooperative organizations of the farmer-led community development movement along with credit union organizations. It also devoted significantly for the active conduction of credit union movement as comsumers' cooperatives movement was operated with the cooperative markets as its center. The comsumers' cooperatives movement developed in agricultural areas under the jurisdiction of the relief and rehabilitation Committee in 1970s became a basis of the farmer-led cooperatives movement and it has an important significance as it shows how farmer-oriented cooperatives movement was conducted in the midst of the governmental policy of the modernization of the agricultural area like the government-led Sae-ma-eul movement, the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, and village funds.

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