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The Process and Background of Militarizing in the Korean DMZ in the 1960s

Hahn, Monica 1

1서울대학교 통일평화연구원

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ABSTRACT

The Demilitarized Zone is the boundary between the two Koreas, a key space where the armistice system works based on the armistice agreement. On the other hand, it is a space condensed for violation of the armistice agreement, namely concentration of military force and military conflict. How did the zone become such a contradictory space where violation of the armistice agreement and the maintenance of the armistice regime are possible? In addition, the DMZ is not a stationary space of about 250 kilometers long and 4 kilometers wide, but one that has been changing since shortly after the blackout. What was the background of the change in the zone, and how did it change? The article examines the appearance of the DMZ surrounded by today’s iron fences and the principle of maintaining the armistice system through the DMZ were created in the 1960s. The militarization of the DMZ in the 1960s focused on the establishment of an counter-infiltration system of iron fences, herbicides and mines, which was not done simply as a response to North Korean provocations, but as a result of the Vietnam War. In other words, I want to examine the progress of the change in the DMZ in line with inter-Korean relations, Korea-U.S. relations, and international affairs, and look for clues to the armistice system and its overcoming, which is maintained around that space. Hopefully, by reflecting on the DMZ’ armed history, it will serve as the basis for discussions on turning the DMZ into a peace zone.

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* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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