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Cheonjae Sin Pilheum’s Perception of Statecraft in the Early to Mid-Nineteenth Century

  • The Review of Korean History
  • 2026, (162), pp.47~90
  • Publisher : The Historical Society Of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : May 1, 2026
  • Accepted : June 19, 2026
  • Published : June 30, 2026

Cho, Sung-san 1

1성균관대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This article, through the thought of Sin Pilheum, examines how intellectuals in early-to-mid nineteenth century Joseon sought to incorporate statecraft into neo-Confucianism. Sin Pilheum particularly emphasized the distinctive status of li (理), as evident from his discourse on human and animal nature. He argued that human and animal natures were synonymous, asserting that li was intrinsic to animal nature without refraction. His conceptions of Gyeongmul chiji (格物致知) and Dogi irwon (道器一元) demonstrated the implications of this perception of li for statecraft. He expanded the object of Gyeongmul chiji beyond the moral realms to encompass the understanding of various natural phenomena and entities. This development marked his turn toward statecraft. This understanding of statecraft stemmed from his emphasis on the ontological nature of li. In light of this perception, he placed considerable weight on the concept of Do (道), positing it as the ultimate origin of all phenomena. He further elaborated on this notion by underscoring Dogi irwon, asserting that Do was inseparable from Gi (器). For him, Do and li were identical. Through these discourses, Sin Pilheum presented neo-Confucianism as an integrated intellectual system that was faithful to both Do and Gi without neglecting statecraft. In this way, Sin Pilheum sought to highlight the statecraft dimension of neo-Confucianism.

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