@article{ART003393979},
author={Choi Jeong Han},
title={The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty},
journal={The Review of Korean History},
issn={1225-133X},
year={2026},
number={163},
pages={99-140}
TY - JOUR
AU - Choi Jeong Han
TI - The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty
JO - The Review of Korean History
PY - 2026
VL - null
IS - 163
PB - The Historical Society Of Korea
SP - 99
EP - 140
SN - 1225-133X
AB - This study re-examines the characteristics and structural relationship between Guihyang punishment(歸鄕刑) and Chungsangho punishment(充常戶刑) in the Goryeo dynasty. Previous studies defined these two punishments as a ‘supplementary penalty system’ existing outside the five-punishment(五刑) framework of the Penal Code(律令). However, this interpretation presents limitations due to the arbitrary conceptualization of ‘supplementary penalty.’ Furthermore, as recent studies suggested that Guihyang punishment(歸鄕刑) was a type of exile(流刑) reflecting Goryeo’s social structure. In this situation, reinterpretation of the penal nature of these two punishments and their relationship is necessary.
The Guihyang punishment(歸鄕刑) constituted a principal punishment(主刑) that could be imposed independently. It shares the same content and objective with the exile(流刑), however it is lighter punishment than exile punishment which is included in Penal Code(律令). Guihyang punishment was established under the influence of the Song Dynasty’s law system, and was closely linked to Goryeo’s Bongwan system(本貫制).
Chungsangho punishment(充常戶刑) was a supplementary punishment aimed primarily at status demotion and the deprivation of opportunities for social mobility. In particular, it was frequently execution-bound with facial tattooing(鈒面) or exile to remote regions like island. When imposed on privileged or specialized status groups such as Buddhist monks or ruling class, Chungsangho served to forfeit existing privileges and demote social standing; when applied to commoners, it was combined with facial tattooing or remote exile to enforce permanent status fixation.
In conclusion, Guihyang punishment and Chungsangho did not constitute a rigid, unified ‘supplementary penalty system.’ Instead, Guihyang punishment as an independent exile punishment and Chungsangho as a supplementary status-based sanction were combined and operated fluidly according to the nature of individual crimes and status control needs. This demonstrates that while the penal execution system of Goryeo adopted Tang and Song laws, it operated dynamically by reflecting the specificities of Goryeo society.
KW - Guihyang punishment(歸鄕刑);Chungsangho(充常戶);Exile Punishment(流刑);Bongwan System(本貫制);Penal Code(律令)
DO -
UR -
ER -
Choi Jeong Han. (2026). The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty. The Review of Korean History, 163, 99-140.
Choi Jeong Han. 2026, "The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty", The Review of Korean History, no.163, pp.99-140.
Choi Jeong Han "The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty" The Review of Korean History 163 pp.99-140 (2026) : 99.
Choi Jeong Han. The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty. 2026; 163 : 99-140.
Choi Jeong Han. "The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty" The Review of Korean History no.163(2026) : 99-140.
Choi Jeong Han. The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty. The Review of Korean History, 163, 99-140.
Choi Jeong Han. The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty. The Review of Korean History. 2026; 163 99-140.
Choi Jeong Han. The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty. 2026; 163 : 99-140.
Choi Jeong Han. "The Penal Nature and Relationship of ‘Guihyang Punishment(歸鄕刑)’ and ‘Chungsangho Punishment(充常戶刑)’ in the Goryeo Dynasty" The Review of Korean History no.163(2026) : 99-140.
