@article{ART003393992},
author={Moon, Minki},
title={The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations},
journal={The Review of Korean History},
issn={1225-133X},
year={2026},
number={163},
pages={361-398}
TY - JOUR
AU - Moon, Minki
TI - The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations
JO - The Review of Korean History
PY - 2026
VL - null
IS - 163
PB - The Historical Society Of Korea
SP - 361
EP - 398
SN - 1225-133X
AB - This study aims to re-examine the aspects and characteristics of the suffering left by state violence by analyzing the oral histories of the victim-survivors of forced conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance operations perpetrated during the authoritarian regime. While previous studies and investigations have focused on the background of the implementation of forced conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance operations, the illegality of the conscription process, and the violence of forced ideological conversion and informant activities, this study examines how the lives of the victim-survivors have changed based on their testimonies.
What distinguish forced conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance operations from other forms of torture investigations stem from the closed and violent nature of the military organization. Illegal forced conscription functioned as a punishment that isolated the victim-survivors from society and school, regardless of their individual will. Furthermore, incidents of suspicious deaths in the military brought about the fear of death. Investigators from the Defense Security Command constantly threatened the victim-survivors with death, and death remained a lingering fear even after their discharge from the military. The victim-survivors who went through this process are still fighting against the physical and psychological pain and the specter of death from that time.
Forced conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance operations created another group of victims: their families. Families continue to endure the pain as they watch over the victim-survivors. Meanwhile, for the victim-survivors, activities and testimonies aimed at uncovering the truth were sometimes considered an extension or repetition of their suffering. In future research and investigation processes, it will be necessary to consider these issues and maintain an attitude of listening carefully to the stories of the victim-survivors who are just beginning to speak out.
KW - Forced Conscription;Nokhwa(Greenification) Project;Guidance Operation;Ideological Conversion;Fraktsiya;Student Movement
DO -
UR -
ER -
Moon, Minki. (2026). The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations. The Review of Korean History, 163, 361-398.
Moon, Minki. 2026, "The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations", The Review of Korean History, no.163, pp.361-398.
Moon, Minki "The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations" The Review of Korean History 163 pp.361-398 (2026) : 361.
Moon, Minki. The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations. 2026; 163 : 361-398.
Moon, Minki. "The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations" The Review of Korean History no.163(2026) : 361-398.
Moon, Minki. The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations. The Review of Korean History, 163, 361-398.
Moon, Minki. The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations. The Review of Korean History. 2026; 163 361-398.
Moon, Minki. The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations. 2026; 163 : 361-398.
Moon, Minki. "The Memories and Ongoing Struggle of the Victim-Survivors of Forced Conscription and the Nokhwa-Guidance Operations" The Review of Korean History no.163(2026) : 361-398.
