2003, Vol., No.50

military history 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.94

pISSN : 1598-317X / eISSN : 2713-8992
https://journal.kci.go.kr/imhc

Soviet and U.S. Armed forces entered into the Korean peninsula in August and September, 1945, respectively. That was the beginning of the Russo-American confrontation. From that point on to Korean War in 1950, the United States and Soviet Union initiated the Cold War in Asia for the purpose of enlarging their territories into their sphere. At the same time, the United States and Soviet Union were engaged in strategic initiatives and intelligence maneuvers on the Korean peninsula. This confrontational situation was resulted into the hot Korean War. After consolidating their Communist system of government in the North, soviet Union exerted their efforts to enlarge their sphere of influence into South Korea by infiltrating and directing insurgency into the South. The United States XXIVth Corps also sparred no time to Mobilize their Humit and Comint abilities to Collect valuable information and intelligence on the part of Russians and North Korea, and they had certain success in that respect. The withdrawn American forces from South Korea in June 1949 did not go too far through Pacific, but most of them were relocated in Japan proper and Okinawa. As soon as the Korea War was broken out, they were the first ones to come to the aid of Korea, at the prompt directions by the American leadership and the Far East Command in Japan in order to repel the North Korean invasion forces and to unify the Korean peninsula at the close of war. Nonetheless, the American intelligence made fatal mistakes in their estimates on the Chinese intervention, even though they were provided with plenty of valuable information and intelligence. They say, all faults came about from MacArthur's habitual tendency of not compromising with his intelligence staff.

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the refugees and refuge policy during the Korean War. In the early period of the War, the lack of ROK government refugee control measures resulted in significant confusion and difficulties in controlling refugee movement. After the Taejon Battle, refugee control was a major concern of the ROK government. So the ROK government began to disseminate refugee control policies to protect the army as well as refugees and reduce impact of road-bound refugees on military operations. With certain exceptions, ROK policy restricting movement of refugees was established in late July, 1950. However, at some point, they escorted Koreans, in an effort to get them out of harm's way or to clear them away from the army ground positions. The Korean and U.N. army soldiers were legitimately fearful of the possible infiltration of North Korean soldiers who routinely entered the lines in groups disguised as civilians in refugee columns and then attacked their positions from the rear. These problems were overcoming partly in the period of the Walker Line. And as the ROK government was prepared in controlling refugees from December 1950, the refuge policy was resonable to clear and control the refugees of Jan 1951. This study was done to examine and analyze the refugees and refuge policy of 1950s and 1951s.

This study aim to research the strategy and historical meaning of the Hansung Engagement in 475 because this Engagement changed the domain of East Asia. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is as follows. First, Koguryŏ was the supreme power of the Far East in the 5th century. Koguryŏ had moved her capital to Pyongyang in 427 because of the success of the oriented to west policy in the northwest. So Paekche organized a anti-Koguryŏ Federation with Silla, Gaya and Wa(倭). Therefore, Paekche took the leadership of the anti-Koguryŏ Federation. Paekche had taken the diplomacy measure to China. However, Paekche could not obtain the practical effect. And Koguryŏ also took the diplomacy measure to China. Therefore, China did not want to make war with Koguryŏ. On the contrary, Koguryŏ wanted to assault the Hansung area to protect the attack of the anti-Koguryŏ Federation. Second, Koguryŏ made the project to attack the Hansung area. And Koguryŏ made the strategy plan on attacking the Hansung area step by step. At first, Kogurea secured the strategic positions: Horokoru-castle walls(瓠蘆古壘城), Acha-castle walls(阿且山城), Chilchung-castle walls(七重城), and Monchon-castle walls(夢村土城). Third, Koguryŏ used strategic positions rather than the road. Koguryŏ had an aim to use the strategic positions to secure the Han-river after the Hansung Engagement. If Koguryŏ had lost these strategic positions, she would have lost the territory. And the oriented to south policy of Koguryŏ brought down the power of the Koguryŏ in East Asia. Therefore, Tang-dynasty was born in China. After that, Tang-china and Silla attacked Paekche and Koguryŏ. The Hansung Engagement of Koguryŏ played a decisive role in changing the domain of East Asia.