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A Study on the Impacts of the Korean War on the Domestic and International Politics

Kim, Yung Ho 1

1성신여자대학교

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ABSTRACT

The Korea War can be construed as the most important historical event of modern Korean history. The war had great impacts on the development of the Cold War and the international order since the end of World War II. The research on the war has been focused on the war's origins and developments and the issues related to the armistice negotiations. As a result, the studieson the domestic and international impacts of the war has been relatively few. With the 60th anniversary of the war, it is very important to review the extant research on the subject and to present new research agenda. The horrendous experiences of the war tended to put emphasis on the immoral and negative aspects of the Korea War. This tendency resulted in the neglect of the objective and theoretical studies of the war's internal and external influences. The war's 60th anniversary provides us with an opportunity to begin the study on the subjectin earnest. This article will explore the war's impacton the development of the Republic of Korea (ROK) as a modern state. It will analyze how the ROK developed its military and financial capabilities as a modern state with specific reference to Max Weber's definition of the state. The articles will argue that the ROK became a 'rentier state' because of its overdependence on foreign aid for its state budgets. It will analyze the impact of the 'rentier stateness' on the political development. It will also argue that Korean society has become a Tocquevillian democratic society with the end of the war and a strong anti-communistic society. On the international level, the war had great impact on the Cold War development in Europe as well as on the Korean Peninsula. The war contributed to the militarization of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)and the consolidation of the Cold War structure in the northeast Asian region. The article also explains why the United States decided to sign a series of mutual defense treaties with Japan,ROK,and Taiwan during and atthe end of the war. It will also discuss the impact of the war on the operations of the United Nations. It will conclude by discussing what kind of lessons the states in the region can draw from the war to keep the region peaceful and prosperous with the rise of China in the 21st century.

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