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The Awareness of Territory and Border Dispute of the Early Stage of Goryeo Dynasty

AnSik Shin 1

1가톨릭대학교 인문사회연구소

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ABSTRACT

The Demarcation of Goryeo territory was largely determined with dynastical awareness of northern territory which had been steadily formed since foundation of nation, and the central interest was based on the Yalu river. The point that Yalu coast was included in northern territorial awareness had a regular difference in respect of ideological and actual significance of domination. The way of realizing this was actualized through the institutional strategy of Yanggae(兩界) along with the concrete domination through construction of fortress. Northern territorial awareness during the early Goryeo can be said to have been conceptualized with Maheoltan(馬歇灘) and Seokseong(石城) of Yalu coast, mentioned in ChoiSeungro’s Simuchaek. It can be controversial whether Maheoltan was located, however concrete mention of Yalu river implies that the concept of Yalu river was regularly operated in the center of dynastical northern territorial awareness since foundation of Goryeo. The point when Yalu coast was entered in the actual domination of Goryeo was due to the 1st invasion of Khitan during Seongjong’s reign 12th year and the result of reconciliation conference between SeoHee and SoSonnyeong, the admiral of Khitan. It is determined that Ganghwa conference between Seo Hee and So Sonnyeong did not made a clear conclusion of demarcating border between the two countries, however a compromise to acknowledge domination of the two countries was made by dividing into Gangdong(江東) and Gangseo(江西) based on Yalu river. The point that Goryeo acquired in the process of reconciliation with Khitan during the 12th year of Seongjong’s reign was above all regularization of advance into Yalu riverside. This not only realized identity of dynastical northern territorial awareness, but also secured stable regional base of border demarcation externally. This also was the basis to overcome two invasions of Khitan during Hyunjong’s reign, which contributed to firmness of norther region of Goryeo by constructing ‘Goryeojangseong’ during the reign of Deokjong. On the other hand, the significance of reconciliation conference during the 12th year of Seongjong’s reign was generally named as acquisition of ‘Gangdong 6-ju’. However, the point when ‘Gangdong 6-ju’ became the focus of attention was during Hyunjong. Also, the intention of Goryeo's royal court in the process of reconciliation conference implied the securement of justification of driving out the tribe of Yeojin between Goryeo and Khitan. Of course, it is not clear the scope of drive out of the tribe of Yeojin, realization of this was an important issue of northern stabilization of Goryeo. Accordingly, the researcher considers it is necessary to emphasize the significance of border demarcation through advance into Yalu riverside next to drive out of Yeojin, rather than symbolizing the output of reconciliation conference between Goryeo and Khitan as ‘Gangdong 6-ju’.

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