본문 바로가기
  • Home
Basic Search

The Point Issues of the Territorial Sovereignty over Gando and the Meaning of Border Treaty between North Korea and China of 1962

Loh, Yeong Don 1

1인천대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The territorial sovereignty over Gando was claimed as a diplomatic issue between Choson(Korea) and Qing(China) in 1880’s. In the state which the issue was not solved by the two parties, Qing and Japan concluded the ‘Gando Agreement’ in 1909 and Choson could not set things right during Japanese colonial rule from 1910 to 1945. After Korea was liberated and divided into two Koreas in 1945 and the two Koreas formed each governments, the Gando issue was considered in an aspect of the unification of nation or territory, The studies on the Gando issue had been focused on verification for the invalidity of Gando Agreement of 1909 to indicate that present situation which seems that Gando vests in China is illegal or unrightful and so a new valid treaty is required, as good as 1880’s treaty, to replace the invalid Gando Agreement. And also various related studies have proceeded such as on the intention of Japan in the process of the treaty and on the interrelationship between Korea and Gando to confirm and emphasize Korea’s title to Gando. Meanwhile, the DPRK(North Korea) and the PRC(China) concluded a border treaty in 1962, but they agreed not to make public and not to register with the UN Secretariat. This secret treaty was obtained by chance by South Korea and reviewed its legal aspect with the confirmation of fact. According to the treaty between North Korea and China, Gando belonged to China but North Korea benefited in Cheonji(천지) Lake and Tumen River comparing to the Agreement of 1909. But this treaty is completely valid between the two parties in legal aspect. Since the treaty between North Korea and China of 1962 nullified or invalidated the agreement between Qing and Japan of 1909, since then or at least after 2000 when the treaty became known to South Korea, the study to verify the invalidity of the agreement of 1909 in South Korea side from a legal point of view. Based on these criteria, the previous issues and the following issues are classified; the former includes, for example, the invalidity of the Gando Agreement, border-demarcation talks between Choson and Qing in 1880’s, border monument on Beakdusan Mountain and old maps drew by various countries including western European countries. Whereas the fact that the treaty has never registered with the UN Secretariat does not allow the two parties to invoke it before the UN bodies according to Article 102 of the UN Charter and the matter of state succession of the treaty will come into question, which there is no established rule in international law about, therefore, should be examined from the viewpoint of international law policy as an issues of the latter.

Statistics

  • 1,515 Viewed
  • 713 Downloaded

Tools

Issue List

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

Basic Search Advanced Search