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Anseung(安勝)’s Direction during the period of the Revival Movement of Goguryeo

  • military history
  • 2019, (110), pp.39-92
  • DOI : 10.29212/mh.2019..110.39
  • Publisher : Military History Institute, MND
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : January 10, 2019
  • Accepted : February 14, 2019
  • Published : March 15, 2019

Weonjoo Jung 1

1한림대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

After the fall of Goguryeo, the revival movement of former Goguryeo took place in ex-Goguryeo territory, the most well-known is the revival Goguryeo kingdom, which was conducted in Hanseong by Geommozam(검모잠) and Anseung(안승). The Tang Dynasty sent Gogan(고간) as its army commander to punish them. Anseung killed Geomozam and surrendered to Silla, and Silla placed them in Geummajeo(금마저), now Iksan(익산). The period was around June 670, and in July, Anseung was appointed as King of Goguryeo by the King of Silla. Silla fought against Tang Dynasty by force to defeat Unjin Dodokbu(웅진도독부) and was supporting Goguryeo in Hanseong(한성). However, as its influence expanded to the Yalu River(압록강) basin zone, Geomozam was killed in a conflict between the Geomozam factions, which wanted to move to Pyongyang(평양), the capital of former Goguryeo, and the Anseung forces that wanted to move to Silla during the war with Tang Dynasty. This seems to be the first suggestion from Silla to go to Geummajeo, judging that it would be difficult to control the ‘Hanseong Goguryeo’ government located if its base moved to Pyongyang. Silla appointed Anseung, who settled in Geummajeo, as king of Goguryeo, in order to justification for controlling the revivalist forces, which is fighting against the Tang Dynasty in Goguryeo's old territory. Geomozam was killed and Anseung went to Silla, but the revival movement in former Goguryo's Territory was fierce until 673. In particular, there were push-and-pull battles in the area of Hanganghae province(황해도) including Pyongyang, the group of resistance in which was called "'the remnants of Pyongyang" in Chinese historical records, which can be regarded as the forces of Hanseong Goguryeor in terms of their major activity area, size and organizational. Goeyeonmu(고연무), who was known as a general in Goguryeo of Geummajeo, appears to have been the leader of the group. Despite the loss of Liaodong Tu-Hu-Fu(안동도호부) in Pyongyang due to the division of the leadership, they seem to have been able to get over the crisis in haste because of their activities against the Tang Dynasty in Goguryeo. The continuing aid of Silla could have made them continue to fight against Tang Dynasty army. However, after Silla conquered Baekjae's old territory with Unjin Dodokbu, Silla's support for the Goguryeo revival movement group was gradually shifting to a formal and demonstrative manner. Moreover, the Goguryeo revival army gradually retreated to the south as it became more aggressive in its fight against Silla and its crackdown on them after learning that the revival movement was prolonged and connected with Silla in the Tang Dynasty. As they were headed for Silla after losing the Hanganghae Province and defeating the Battle of Horoha(호로하) along the Imjin River(임진강) basin, Goguryeo revival movement group's fighting against the Tang army in Goguryeo's Old Territory came to an end in four years. The Anseung group settled in Geummajeo reshuffled the Goguryeo-style system of lanterns and reorganized it into a five-part system and established its status as a state. They also began diplomatic affairs by sending envoys to Japan. After the revival movement in Goguryeo's former Territory failed in 673, its group was not able to take the lead in Geummajeo due to the power of Anseung, which was already in place. Silla appointed Anseung as the King of Bodeok in 674, which means that his kingdom has been downgraded to Silla's vassal. But the names of the kingdom still seems to have been called Goguryeo, considering the names used externally. Silla brought Anseung to Gyeongju(경주) in 683 and incorporated him as a member of the Jingol nobility, disbanding Geummajeo's Goguryeo Kingdom and absorbing it into the local control system of Silla named Bodeok Fotress(보덕성). There was a revolt in Bodeok Fortress, and the rebellion expanded in conjunction with the Baekje Epitaph. The Goguryeo Epitaph of Bodeok Fortress advanced to Gajam Fortress(가잠성), the region of Anseong at this moment, and resisted Silla, but failed. Baekjae Epitaph's resistant continued event after the breakup of the rebellion in Bodeok Fortress, We can know from the records that the local system for its Old Territory was establish and they were reorganized into the Nine Seodang Guard system after a year or two later. Given the scale of Baekjae Epitaph's resistant, the anti-Silla tendency seems to have been formed for a long time. The Silla government, which grasped the atmosphere of the Baekje Old Territory, rushed to dismantle the Goguryeo of Geummajeo in haste, and the reaction could be seen as the rebellion of Bodeok Fotress' s Goguryeo Epitaph combined with the Baekje Epitaph. As the rebellion of Bodeok Fotress's Goguryeo Epitaph was subdued by Silla, their traces disappeared into history.

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