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Between Solidarity and Laxity in Alliance: The Implications of the History of the ‘Five Eyes’ Intelligence Alliance

Song, Minseon 1,  Seok, Yeong-dal 2

1연세대
2해군사관학교

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ABSTRACT

This paper attempted to analyze the history of the Five Eyes, an intelligence alliance(Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States) in the following two dimensions. First, the Five Eyes was more of a process of shifting the ‘center of gravity’ of the western intelligence alliance, rather than being formed in the process of combining and expanding the British and American intelligence systems. In other words, the history of forming the Five Eyes Alliance is not a ‘history of unity,’ but a ‘history of conflict and its reaction.’ It would be interpreted as a process of moving the existing Commonwealth-centered intelligence system to the U.S.-centered intelligence alliance. Second, the process of Commonwealth countries breaking away from British intelligence control and signing an intelligence agreement with the United States alone contained complex political backgrounds and intentions. It could not be sufficiently accounted by simple explanations such as ‘some additional countries joined the alliance in a few years.’ Particularly, Canada, which played a main role at the turning point, was the country that took the most important step in the formation of the Five Eyes. At that time, Canada was able to share the U.S. intelligence with Britain, and the U.S. was able to share Canadian intelligence with Britain. If so, why did two countries have to sign the independent intelligence agreement? Based on this question, this paper analyzed the conflict between the United Kingdom and the United States at the time and the judgment and diplomatic strategy made by Canada. This analysis is expected to give various implications to Republic of Korea, which is agonizing over the participation or cooperation of the Five Eyes in the future.

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