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Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, Language in J. G. Herder & J. G. Fichte

Lim, Keumhee 1

1이화여대 교양교육원

Candidate

ABSTRACT

As a response to globalization, concerns with cosmopolitanism revive recently. This article attempts to inquire whether the cosmopolitanism is the only way to realize the universality of humankind, and the concept of humanity presupposed in cosmopolitanism is distinct from that of nationalism. For these purposes, two thinkers' idea of nation and critics about cosmopolitanism will be examined. J. G. Herder (1744-1804) and J. G. Fichte (1762-1814) were both skeptical about cosmopolitanism as the world order; instead they presented the historical community of nation(Volk) as a natural and indispensible condition for the realization of humanity. They emphasized the difference between abstract cosmopolitanism and universality which are based on the historical formation of man. The spiritual operation as the source of ethical responsibility for fellow human beings unfolds in the limited range of particular community. The core problem with the cosmopolitanism lies in the lack of concrete context for this source. These views are predicated upon a profound sensitivity to the importance of language in the process of historical human development. Herder's and Fichte's thoughts on nation where language was viewed as being central to the essence of the nation could present the invisible process of spiritual formation as visible and concrete. They provide some implications that the realization of humanity is more feasible in the national community as long as it keeps carrying out self formation and approaching toward universality.

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* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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