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A study on the Zhang Jiucheng(張九成)’s the theory of Zhonghe -Focusing on the interpretation of Chapter 1 of the Doctrine of the Mean(中庸) in the Zhongyongshuo(中庸說)-

  • PHILOSOPHY·THOUGHT·CULTURE
  • 2021, (36), pp.80~100
  • DOI : 10.33639/ptc.2021..36.004
  • Publisher : Research Institute for East-West Thought
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities
  • Received : May 9, 2021
  • Accepted : June 30, 2021
  • Published : June 30, 2021

Park Young Sik 1

1동국대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Zhang Jiucheng(張九成; 1092∼1159) considered 'to search the equilibrium'(求中) as an important issue. A self-contained the theory of Zhonghe in his book the Zhongyongshuo(中庸說) was one solution to this problem. The characteristics of Zhang's theory of Zhonghe(中和說) are as follows. First, he considered 'What Heaven confers is called "nature."' as a discussion about the substance, and interpreted it as 'the equilibrium'(中) and 'the substance' before the manifestation of the mind. Second, he regarded 'Accordance with this nature is called the "Tao."' as a human search for the substance, interpreted it as 'to search the equilibrium'(求中) same as 'to search the Tao'(求道) to search for the equilibrium before the manifestation of the mind, and presented to be careful-cautious and fearful-anxious as methods of self-cultivation. The third, he interpreted 'Cultivating the Tao is called "education."' as achieving the harmony(和) through the manifestation of the mind, and suggested the practice of human ethical order. Zhang's the theory of Zhonghe pursued the equilibrium before the manifestation of the mind opposed by Cheng Yi(程頤), and used to be careful-cautious and fearful-anxious after the manifestation of the mind as methods of self-cultivation that corresponds to the manifestation of the mind. These thoughts of Zhang could not escape the criticism of next generations. However, there is a possibility that Zhang's the theory of Zhonghe can be interpreted as a philosophical problem within the Taonan School to realize "to understand the substance of the mind before its manifestation". Recognizing to be careful-cautious and fearful-anxious proposed by Zhang as a methodological diversity of the same character as that of Li Tong(李侗)'s presenting Quiet-sitting to Zhu Xi(朱熹), it can be understood as one of the various philosophical discussions that were raised in Cheng's School and the Taonan School prior to Zhu Xi.

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