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A Study on the Concept of Ming(命) in the works of Daoist Inner Alchemy of the Complete Perfection School(全眞敎) -Focusing on the Works of Inner Alchemy after the Integration of Southern and Northern Schools-

  • PHILOSOPHY·THOUGHT·CULTURE
  • 2024, (45), pp.197~234
  • DOI : 10.33639/ptc.2024..45.008
  • Publisher : Research Institute for East-West Thought
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities
  • Received : May 25, 2024
  • Accepted : June 14, 2024
  • Published : June 30, 2024

Soobeen Choi 1

1서강대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to examine the development of the concept of “ming(命)” in the the texts of Daoist inner alchemy(neidan, 內丹) after the establishment of the Complete Perfection School(全眞敎). Especially, this paper focuses on the writings of representative inner alchemy thinkers of the post-integration period of Southern and Northern Schools of inner alchemy to examine how the concept of “ming” was developed and reinterpreted in the theoretical system of “xing–ming(性命)”. Among them, the works of thinkers who have systematically explained inner alchemy theories and cultivation methods, such as Lee Daochun(李道純), Wang Daoyuan(王道淵), and Yu Ilming(劉一明), are the main texts. Also some relevant texts of the pre-integration period or the Southern and Northern Schools are examined as necessary. In the inner alchemy works, “ming” always appears as a companion word for “xing(性)”, and “Joint Cultivation of Nature and Vital forces(性命雙修)” is a core theme of the cultivation theories of the inner alchemy. The word “ming(命)” in the inner alchemy texts is often interpreted as the physical body in contrast with “xing(性)”, which refers to the spirit. However, “ming” has various and complicated meanings that can not simply be interpreted as the term like physical body. This paper aims to reveal the complex and multi-layered meanings of “ming” in the works of the inner alchemy. In addition, this paper examines how the concept of “ming” encountered and had a dialogue with Zen Buddhism and Neo Confucianism in its development, and how it acquired its conceptual uniqueness and ideological depth.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.