2017, Vol.17, No.2

Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.34

pISSN : 1598-6160
https://journal.kci.go.kr/jkca

Researches on the relation between the name of Seokdo, written in the Korean Empire Ordinance 41, and Dokdo have made enormous progress in coping with the provocation of Japan towards Dokdo and strengthening our argument for Dokdo dominium. Still, Japanese scholars have been repeating their claim that the name of Seokdo in the Ordinance is hardly identified as Dokdo. Previous researches on the interchangeability between Seokdo and Dokdo have argued that the rocky islands can be marked as Seokdo or Dokdo by mainly analyzing a relation between pure Korean words and Sino-Korean characters. However, it seems that foreigners, unfamiliar with Korean language, might have difficulty in fully understanding the relation between pure Korean words and Sino-Korean characters. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore usages of the name of Dokdo through the eyes of a third party in late Joseon and to draw some implications on the argument for Dokdo dominium at present. Specifically, this paper will cover the whereabouts and cartographic process of Siebold, a German cartographer who recognized the distinctiveness of the usage of the Korean language in translating a Korean map into a German one in the nineteenth century. Finally, what will be confirmed is that the island, called as Dokdo in Korea, in late Joseon was marked as Seokdo in maps and documents. This will help substantiate the historical fact that the name of Seokdo, written in the Ordinance 41 refers to Dokdo.

Despite many studies on the cartographic characteristics of Daedongyeojido, there has been little systematic research focusing on the map projection. This study aims at estimating the map projection of Daedongyeojido and examining its characteristics through a GIS-based analysis. First of all, practical procedures for estimating map projections of old maps and related GIS-based analysis methods are established. The best fit projection is chosen after the process that the control points in the reference map based on each candidate projection are converted to the old map using geometric transformations and the location similarity and the shape similarity is measured, is repeated for all candidate projections. These procedures were applied to 13 candidate projections of various types with varying projection parameters (central meridian and standard parallels) to estimate the projection of Daedongyeojido. As a result, it was revealed that the conformal conic projection and the conformal cylindrical projection was the best fit. However, the distribution of errors showed spatial heterogeneity that both the positional error and the shape error increased toward the north. So, additional analyses were performed assuming that the projections with better fit would be different between the southern and northern regions. It turned out that the best fit one was cylindrical equal area projection in the north, but the equidistant conic projection and the conformal conic projection showed the highest fitness in the south. It is meaningful that this study contributes to expanding the study of old maps based on the GIS analysis, but further research is needed to improve methods for measuring fitness of map projections and to analyze using verified control points.

This study aims to examine the impact of the ‘tale of Gonneville’ on French exploration and mapping of the Austral land. It first looked at the French exploration of France in the 16th century and the exploration plan of the third world. Paulmier claimed that France should colonize this land. And then Gonneville’s Land began to be written on the map of France. Based on world maps and scientific theories of the southern continent, French explorations followed the 18th century to find Gonneville’s land. Owing to this social atmosphere, the royal geographer Buache also marked Gonneville’s land on the map. This land was mostly drawn on the eastern side of the land of Parrots. After James Cook’s voyage, Gonneville’s Land disappeared from the map. Gonneville’s land can be presented as a typical example of ensuring that maps are the product of social construction.