2022, Vol.31, No.1

Journal of Regional Studies and Development 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.4

pISSN : 1738-3846 / eISSN : 2765-4028
https://journal.kci.go.kr/jrsd_ipaid

Climate change is a major factor to affect food supply. The role of a livestock sector has became an important food source of the population growth in Africa. This study analyses relationships between rainfall, population and various livestock production such as cattle, sheep, goat, pig, chicken, camel in Kenya, respectively. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) is utilized to estimate long-run relationship among variables at different levels and an error correction model is used for short run dynamics. Based on the existence of a long-run relationship, Granger causality is applied for testing causal relation between the selected variables. From the results of ARDL model, cattle, sheep, goat, pig and chicken in Kenya show the long-run relationship with rainfall and population respectively, however, for camel production there is no long-run relationship. Based on the presence of the long-run relationships, short-run dynamics among the variables are determined by the error correction model. The results determine the speed at which a variable goes back to an equilibrium after a deviation. The results of Granger causality show that the causal relation between livestock and population is closer than the relation between livestock and rainfall.

For decades, many researchers have studied the relationship between population density and infectious diseases. This study conducted an empirical investigation of the linkages between population density, urban environmental determinants, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the Philippines to understand this relationship. To assess the relationship between these variables, a panel analysis with a fixed effect model was conducted for 17 regions from February 2020 to March 2021. The results show that regions with higher population density are prone to be associated with more COVID-19 outbreaks. In addition, urban environment determinants such as socio-economic environment, built environment, and governance are associated with COVID-19 infection rates. Moreover, of particular interest is the finding of a negative and significant coefficient of the quadratic term of population density, thus supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis. This implies that when a certain level of population density is reached, the infection rate tends to decline and does not increase. However, the ongoing situation of COVID-19 suggests that the EKC Hypothesis might be a short term phenomenon.

This paper investigates the effects of two types of human rights, physical integrity rights and empowerment rights, on the economic growth rates of developing countries. Specifically, physical integrity rights can positively influence the economic growth of developing countries. Governments of developing countries that respect physical integrity rights can create an environment favorable to the development of human capital. In addition, freedom from the fear of coercion enables individuals to use their abilities to contribute to economic development. In contrast, empowerment rights have no significant influence on the economic growth rates of developing countries. Using the CIRI human rights index that differentiates the two different kinds of human rights, our analysis covering the years between 1981 and 2011 supports our hypothesis regarding the positive relationship between physical integrity rights and economic growth rates in developing countries.