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Post–World War II Changes in the Nature of Sweden’s Public Rental Housing: From a Standard Form of Housing for All to a Marginalized Form of Housing for the Poor

  • Journal of the Scandinavian Society of Korea
  • Abbr : JSSK
  • 2025, (36), 2
  • Publisher : The Scandinavian Society of Korea
  • Research Area : Social Science > Area Studies > North Europe(Scandinavian)
  • Received : November 19, 2025
  • Accepted : December 26, 2025
  • Published : December 31, 2025

Shin Jeongwan 1

1경북대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Sweden is one of the most representative cases of a universal housing policy in the post–World War II era. Municipal housing companies, owned and controlled by the municipalities, took the lead in supplying public rental housing. In particular, during the Million Homes Programme of 1965–74, they built a large volume of high-quality public rental dwellings. Through this, Sweden sought not only to improve the housing conditions of low-income citizens but also to make public rental housing sufficiently attractive for the middle class and above, thereby preventing the formation of slums and achieving “social mix” in public rental housing areas. However, since the 1990s, the share of public rental housing in the total housing stock has steadily declined, while the proportion of low-income households and immigrants—especially non-European immigrants—among tenants has increased significantly. Public rental housing has thus come to function largely as a marginalized form of housing for the poor. This study seeks to explain the causes of this transformation. It first describes the chronological evolution of Sweden’s public rental housing system and then identifies the key factors behind its marginalization: the peculiarities of housing and housing policy, the right-wing parties’ preferential policies toward owner-occupied and cooperative housing, and the Social Democratic Party's inconsistency in its housing policy line.

Citation status

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