Purpose: This study aims to reinterpret the concept of mental readiness in the Korean military amid rapidly changing security environments and prolonged warfare. It proposes spiritual resilience as a key factor in strengthening mental readiness, emphasizing the integration of institutional and inner-personal dimensions. Methods: The study follows a three-step methodology based on a literature review: conceptual integration, case analysis, and policy derivation. Comparative analysis of domestic and international research was conducted to explore the complementary relationship between mental readiness and spiritual resilience. The overseas cases focused on analyzing the systems and programs of the United States and Israel, while the domestic cases centered on research related to military religious activities. Results: The study shows that spirituality-based enhancements across five domains— education, counseling, programs, evaluation, and leadership—strengthen soldiers’ meaning-making, emotional regulation, and recovery from moral injury. Integrated counseling systems, non-religious spiritual programs, and multidimensional assessments enable more inclusive participation and evidence-based interventions. Strengthened spiritual leadership among commanders further promotes ethical reflection, cohesion, and sustained motivation. Conclusion: Based on these insights, the study proposes a five-pillar policy framework—education, counseling, programming, evaluation, and leadership. Expected outcomes encompass broader inclusive participation, mitigation of PTSD and moral injury, and enhanced unit cohesion and mission continuity.