2014, Vol.21, No.3

Korea Social Policy Review 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 2.47

pISSN : 1226-0525
https://journal.kci.go.kr/kasp

Neoconservatism is often used as if it is the synonym of neoliberalism. However,neoconservatism as the modern version of conservatism is a different value systemfrom neoliberalism, which inherits the tradition of classical liberalism. The mix-upof the different value systems results in a misunderstanding of the characteristics ofneoliberal and neoconservative social policies. Almost all the critiques to the welfarestate are generally regarded as those of neoliberalism even though some ofthem are neoconservative. This article aims to show the characteristics of the neoconservative social policy andto evaluate it. This research attempts to reconstruct the neoconservative welfaretheory, focusing on George Gilder, Lawrence Mead and Charles Murray as its majorproponents. This paper has an academic significance in the sense that it provides asystematic view on the neoconservative social policy. A few studies have been done on the neoconservative social policy, but they treat itas part of the neoliberal one or simply regard it as same as the neoliberal one. Thisarticle, by clarifying the characteristics of the neoconservative social policy and differentiatingit from the neoliberal one, will contribute to removing the conceptualconfusion in the social policy field and to establishing a criterion of evaluation forsocial policies in reality.

The study aims to explore the characteristics of social welfare service user involvementin the case of Carers UK, a national voluntary organization of family carers inUK. The identities and practices of the organization were analyzed based on thefour major features of user involvement-diversity, challenge, networks, and values. As the result of the study, diversity of the organization was showed in activities, financialresources, and relationships with external organizations. Also ‘user knowledge’created from caring experiences was functioning as a major source of the recognitionand influence. Advocacy and social conscious for the rights of carers weredeveloped due to the various networks based on local communities, issues andidentities. Finally, it has gained recognition for the value of care as well as socialcontributions of carers, and promoted universal citizenship by representing explicitlythe needs and voices of carers which were hidden in private familyrelationships. Effective governance system made it possible that the organizationhad equal relationships with local governments, corporations, and professionals.Suggestions were made for promoting participation of family carers as service usersfocused on policy, professional, and user constituent.

In the 2000s the EU and its member states introduced immigrant integration policies,which was first implemented in the Netherlands. This actually shifted frommulticulturalism to integration. The shift presents not only changes in immigrationpolicies but also a citizenship reform. Through immigrant integration the stateshave made a linkage between citizenship and national identity in order to intensifysocial cohesion. In doing so, once perceived as an asset, dual citizenship is seen asa threat in terms of polluting loyalty to a nation-state and weakening nationalsecurity. In this situation, nation-centered citizenship has been reasserted althoughit dose not replace the post-nationalist thesis: international human rights. The papertherefore examines the ways in which the Netherlands and the UK, previouslyknown as multicultural countries, reconfigure citizenship for migrants by looking attheir development of immigrant integration policies.