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A study on the formation of the Family Planning Policy in China

박광준 1,  오영란 2

1佛敎大學
2동명대학교

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study is to make clear the origin and the formation process of the Chinese Family Planning Policy(Jihuashengyu). The study attempts to explain why the policy formation took a long time, around 25 years from 1956 to 1979. It could be explained that the traditional culture relating to the family and women resist the new family planning policy aimed to the drastic birth control. The data adopted primarily in this paper includes the evidences gathering from the direct interview to a social scientist who played an important role in the policy making process in the late 1970s as well as the testimonies of the Chinese political leaders which are suggested by the western journalists. China’s first birth control campaign was not launched until late in 1956. It was the response to the result of the 1953 Census of China by which the rapid increase of the population and the over population problem ware officially apparent. From that time the birth control campaign had continued to proceed until the late 1970s, when the program was to be established as the legal institution. The Communist Authorities adopted the following three strategies to proceed the program gradually. The first one was the permeation of the idea of the family planning into the rural community mainly through the People’s Commune. Secondly, the mass educational approaches and the organization of the women was adopted. The group study activities by the women for the Mao’s thought were contributed to the program establishment and to widespread the idea. Lastly, the mass media, like People’s Daily was mobilized to persuade the people to accept and practice the family planning.

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