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Legal Status of Mongolian President

  • Legal Theory & Practice Review
  • Abbr : LTPR
  • 2014, 2(1), pp.7-32
  • Publisher : The Korea Society for Legal Theory and Practice Inc.
  • Research Area : Social Science > Law

Bolormaa Khaidav 1

1National University of Mongolia, School

ABSTRACT

There is debate about who should be considered the first President of Mongolia. The title does not actually date back to before Mongolia's democratization, but the office itself is seen as extending through Mongolia's period of communist rule. Sometimes, the Bogd Khan (seen as the reincarnations of senior lama) are seen as Mongolia's first 'presidents,' but more commonly, the title is given to the secular leaders who followed them. Balingiin Tserendorj, who was acting head of state in 1924, is sometimes seen as the first president, but it was not until Navaandorjiin Jadambaa was appointed Chairman of the State Great Khural in November that there was an official leader. Only a day later, the leadership role was reorganized as the Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural (the Little Khural being the executive committee of the Great Khural). Mongolia is a landlocked country in the center of the Asian continent, located between China and Russia, sharing a western border with Kazakhstan. With an area of more than 1.5 million square kilometers and a population of 2.6 million, Mongolia has a population density of 1.5 people per square kilometer. Mongolia is classified as a developing nation. Mongolia consists of 21 provinces and the capital city. Each province is further subdivided into “soums,” and each “soum” is subdivided into the lowest administrative unit, the “bag.” The capital city, Ulaanbaatar is divided into nine districts, further subdivided into a number of “khoroo.” The president is the head of state, commander in chief of the armed forces, and head of the national security council. He is popularly elected by a national majority for a 4-year term and limited to two terms. The constitution empowers the president to propose a prime minister, call for the government's dissolution, initiate legislation, veto all or parts of legislation (the SGH can override the veto with a two-thirds majority), and issue decrees, which become effective with the prime minister's signature. In the absence, incapacity, or resignation of the president, the SGH chairman exercises presidential power until inauguration of a newly elected president. In the most recent presidential election on May 18, 1997, the MPRP candidate, N. Bagabandi, was elected with 57% of the vote.

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