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Internation Legislation and Migration Migration Subjects and Their Legal Conditions

  • Legal Theory & Practice Review
  • Abbr : LTPR
  • 2014, 2(1), pp.33-58
  • Publisher : The Korea Society for Legal Theory and Practice Inc.
  • Research Area : Social Science > Law

Solongo Amarjargal 1

1National University of Mongolia

ABSTRACT

Mongolia is a sparsely populated young democracy in a remote part of Asia, sandwiched between two powerful large neighbors, China and Russia. It made its transition to democracy peacefully in 1990, after nearly 70 years as a Soviet satellite state. Many nations has shown a strong interest in Mongolia' development since, through the funding of assistance programs, ratification of a bilateral investment treaty, legislation to extend permanent normal trade relations, and passage of six resolutions commending Mongolia' progress and supporting strong international society. After 70 years of Soviet political and administration culture, in 1992 Mongolia established a democratic multi-party system and began the transition from planned to market economy. A critical component of these changes was freedom of movement within the country as well as freedom to travel abroad. The past two decades has witnessed record numbers of Mongolians choosing to a move either within Mongolia or abroad with profound consequences for the political, social and economic fabric of the country. Mongolians are choosing to migrate overseas in search of higher paid jobs and a better quality of life for themselves and their families. Mongolian migrants, most of whom are male, are mainly traveling to the Republic of Korea, the Czech Republic and the United States. Official sources estimate that there are approximately 120,000 Mongolians residing abroad; however, unofficial sources in 2008 state that this figure might be as high as 250,000. At the same time as more Mongolians are traveling abroad, large numbers of people are moving within Mongolia mainly from the poorer outer provinces to Ulaanbaatar and the central region. Mongolia has a rich cultural history steeped in a nomadic way of life, however, rural poverty triggered by a combination of unemployment, low incomes, desertification and natural disasters has led to many opting to leave their traditional way of life for urban centers.

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