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A Study on Support for Caregivers in the German Nursing Insurance System

  • Legal Theory & Practice Review
  • Abbr : LTPR
  • 2022, 10(4), pp.253-276
  • Publisher : The Korea Society for Legal Theory and Practice Inc.
  • Research Area : Social Science > Law
  • Received : October 10, 2022
  • Accepted : November 21, 2022
  • Published : November 30, 2022

Joung Soon Hyoung 1

1광주여자대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Germany’s nursing care system was introduced as a social insurance system in January 1995, and the legal basis is Part 1 of the Social Code. Nursing care insurance is divided into public care insurance (soziale Pflegeversicherung) and private care insurance (private Pflegeversicherung), both of which have insurance systems. The insurers of long-term care insurance are Pflegekasse and private insurance companies, which are based on Krankenkasse are subscribed. There is no age limit for nursing care insurance subscription and benefit conditions. You can receive nursing care insurance services if you have passed an accreditation survey and received a nursing grade (Pflegegrad). The public care insurance stipulates that the use of housing services and the use of support facilities for caregivers such as families take precedence over the use of services. Also, Germany’s public nursing insurance is called partial insurance and does not cover all the expenses required for nursing. The person in need of nursing care or his/her family shall bear the insufficient expenses. The insurer of public nursing insurance is the nursing home, and there is the sickness bank, which is the insurer of the public health insurance, to operate the nursing safe. Unlike Part VII of the Social Code, and Part V of the Social Code, the National Health Insurance Fund is a legally independent organization, but is organizationally under the umbrella of the Disease Safety Fund. In addition, the National Federation of Disease Vaults is also located in the National Federation of Nursing Vaults. In Germany, since the 1970s, discussions have been taking place on nursing care measures. In the background of the introduction of nursing care insurance, if a person in need of nursing cannot bear the cost of care on his own, he has no choice but to rely on social assistance that corresponds to the livelihood protection of Korea. The increased burden is cited. According to the Nursing Reinforcement Act of 2015, the insurance premium rate was increased, and at the same time, the Pflegevorsorgefonds was established under the Act to secure financial resources to prepare for further aging in the future. According to the Nursing Care Reform Act of 2017, the duties required for nursing and nursing jobs have also changed with the advent of an aging society and structural changes in diseases. In addition, in 2017, the Nursing Enhancement Act of the reform of the long-term care insurance system follows the existing level of care (Pflegestufe). In the nursing stage, the accreditation classification and standards were reviewed into 5 stages according to the nursing grade. According to the Act, all residents in need of nursing care were equally eligible for any physical, mental or psychological disability. In addition, for the purpose of supporting living at home, the level of care is newly recognized for those who have a slight disability in daily life. As a result, the number of beneficiaries of long-term care insurance increased, and among them, the number of beneficiaries of residential services increased by about 50% in public care insurance and about 20% in private care insurance. The biggest problem facing the German care insurance system for carers today is the lack of financial resources.

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