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Teaching North Korean ‘Particles 토- Grammar’ As a Foreign Language -Focusing on Comparison of South and North Korean Grammar-

  • Korean Language & Literature
  • 2010, (75), pp.213-261
  • Publisher : Korean Language & Literature
  • Research Area : Humanities > Korean Language and Literature

Ho Junghwan 1

1대만 문화대학

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study attempts to analyze and compare grammar education in North and South Korea as a foreign language, focusing on the particles ‘토’. For linguistic point of view, the language used in the North and the South is one and the same.However, the length of time for which Korea has been divided has given rise to a number of differences. While conducting a research on the refinement of the vocabulary area of North Korean language, and teaching at graduate school in Taiwan, the author has found that in recent years there is an increasing demand for competency in North Korean language as North Korea is gradually coming out. There are few studies doing a comparative study in grammar education between the North and the South as part of teaching Korean as a foreign language. The purpose of this study provides Korean language learners with vital knowledge of linguistic grammar of the North, preparing for the near future when a great demand of competency in North Korean language may come soon. A major portion of linguistic grammar in the South and the North sharescommon explanations. However, a very great difference compared to their commonness in grammar can be found in theoretical foundations in conceptualizing and categorizing the particles, known as ‘토’in North Korean language. Few studies go deep into the comparative research from a foreign language learning point of view on the issues related to the particles ‘토’. As in the case of South Korea, the study of morphology was limited to the word-formation up to 1970s in North Korea. However, from the beginning of 1980s, studies of morphology in North Korea including 리근영 『조선어리론문법(形態論)』(1985) were separated from the theory of parts of speech and that of word-formation, making the categorical study of particles ‘토’as object of morphological studies. The particles in North Korean language can be said to cover the whole grammatical category as they all include combined unit of particles and word-endings in Korean language of the South. This is to say that particles and word-endings are recognized as a single grammatical categories in North Korea, while they are treated as two distinctive grammatical categories in South Korea. In this respect, the most distinctive differences of grammar education between the South and the North lie in how to conceptualize the particles. Under the strict control of the cabinet in North Korea, linguistic studies have little room for individual linguistic researchers to develop different theoretical point of view. In contrast to the linguistic studies of the South which heavily rely on theories of generative grammar(변형생성문법) with semantic principles, which inevitably creates lots of different perspectives in grammatical view, researchers of the North have general tendency to stick to morphological principles. While this study focuses on exploring and comparing the theoretical issues related to the particles ‘토’ in North Korea, it also will bring up many important equivalent grammatical issues of South Korea as well as a comparative table between the North and the South, which can be good learning tips to all Korean language learners.

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