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Le Roi s’amuse and Theatrical Censorship under the July Monarchy

  • Korean Review of French History
  • Abbr : KRFH
  • 2009, (21), pp.53~75
  • Publisher : KOREAN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Soo-Yun CHUN 1

1연세대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Article VII of the Charter of 1830 declared that “censorship could never be re-established.” Taking advantage of the ambiguity of the article, the theatre could put everything and anything on stage. The theatre represented at that time a unique focus of collective interest: it was a place of social criticism and moral instruction as well as of entertainment. As a result, the theatre deeply threatened the regime in power and governmental control over theatrical subject was always much stronger than over written work. Le Roi s’amuse, written by Victor Hugo during the political and social tumult of June 1832, provides us with an opportunity to observe the force of emancipated theatre and the authorities’ reactions. It was performed at the Comédie-Française on November 22, 1832. Hugo upset profoundly the social hierarchy in this play. Francis I, considered one of the greatest kings of French history, is depicted as a cheap philanderer; even worse, as a simple marionette controlled by his buffoon. In fact, the real protagonist of the piece is the buffoon, not the king. It is Triboulet, the ugly buffoon, who appears to be the only person with a psychological depth: he certainly provokes repulsion, but his monologues are soul searching and soul wrenching. He is the grotesque hero with the sublime soul. Le Roi s’amuse was suspended after the first night because of its “immoral” aspects. Actually, the author was accused of being a regicide apologist. Hugo brought an action against the Comédie- Française for withdrawing the play without his consent. Even though he lost the lawsuit, it propelled him into celebrity as a defender of freedom of theatre in France. Due to the intense public interest aroused by Le Roi s’amuse case, the government hesitated to practice the censorship. However, the attempted assassination of the king by Fieschi in 1835 led to the implementation of the notorious laws of September, which included theatrical censorship.

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