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The Formation of Lord’s Power

  • Korean Review of French History
  • Abbr : KRFH
  • 2012, (26), pp.5~38
  • Publisher : KOREAN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Lee, Ki-Young 1

1동아대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

In the Later Roman Empire and the Germanic society before the Great Migration, there were a considerable landed slaves and freedmen who were performing labor services for landlord’s domain like peasants of the classic manor. Dependent tenant farmers called colonus who were from free men were dominated by landlords privately exercising some public powers of tax-collecting, soldiers-recruiting, public peace maintaining, etc. The production relation and non-economic compulsion of the classic manor were formed in earnest, based on the ancient heritage during the early Middle Ages. The formation process of lord’s power can be traced through many immunities which kings of the Frankish kingdom granted to the Churches. At first, immunity was exemption from such public charges as tax and service. Immunity included police power at the close of the 6th century or the beginning of the 7th century, and included jurisdiction from the late 7th century on. In the 8th century the granting of immunity including jurisdiction increased continually, and especially Charlemagne conferred many immunities on the great churches. Thus in the beginning of the 9th century lord’s power occupying governmental authority of judging, tax-collecting, public peace maintaining, etc. was established. Such development of lord’s power kept pace with the formation process of production relation we can see in the classic manor. The formation process of production relation and non-economic compulsion on the royal domains and secular magnates’ estates was almost the same as on the church estates. On the other hand, manumission in the type of freedman and landed slaves increased from the end of the 7th century on. In the early 8th century, it was enacted that landed slaves carried out half his labor for the landlord’s domain, and both they and colonus were dominated by the same estate manager exerting jurisdiction. In the 9th century, regardless of whether he was from free man or non-free man, all dependent peasants carried out labor services in the classic manor of the same structure and under the same lord’s power.

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