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Rousseau and the Chemistry

  • Korean Review of French History
  • Abbr : KRFH
  • 2013, (28), pp.57~83
  • Publisher : KOREAN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Lee Choong Hoon 1

1한양대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Is Rousseau a chemist ? Both his autobiographies and his unfinished posthumous writings entitled Institution Chimique show his interest for this new “experimental” science which sprang out in the middle of the 18th century and greatly influenced the young philosophers of that time including the encyclopedists. Rousseau said he was drawn to chemistry and he studied it just like his Parisian friends. Can we possibly claim that his reflections on chemistry are intimately linked with those on politics and anthropology ? This has not been proved and is to be yet studied. But one thing we can be sure of is that Rousseau often and largely used terms borrowed from chemistry. “Dissolution” for example, which is used in his first Discourse, shows without a doubt how chemistry influenced his literary thoughts. Thanks to this chemical term Rousseau can better explain a body politic which is corrupt and dissolved by “luxury”. Moreover in his Social Contract, his famous distinctions between “aggregation” and “association”, “particular will” and “general will” can be understood much better as originating in chemical ideas debated in the 18th century. Contrary to jus naturalistic ideas from the previous century, Rousseau needed to modify their political thoughts still based on theology and mechanical doctrines and he had to complete them in a different manner. According to us a new scientific tendency through chemistry allowed Rousseau to redirect and update them in order to trigger a serious and faithful study on ourselves, human beings.

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