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The Legacies of the French and Haitian Revolutions and Reforming French Colonies: François-André Isambert and Postrevolutionary French Abolitionism, 1823-1848

  • Korean Review of French History
  • Abbr : KRFH
  • 2013, (28), pp.85~121
  • Publisher : KOREAN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY
  • Research Area : Humanities > History

Yun Kyoung KWON 1

1서울대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This article examines French abolitionism in the first half of the nineteenth-century by excavating its engagement with the antislavery legacies of the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution. For this purpose, this work focuses on the political career of François-André Isambert, a prominent liberal politician who was a central figure in the postrevolutionary French antislavery movement. At the confluence of liberal politics and antislavery, his career serves as an ideal window by which we can observe the formation and evolution of French abolitionism from the Restoration to the end of the July Monarchy. This article works toward two goals. First, it intends to demonstrate the key role of the legacies of the French and Haitian Revolutions in shaping French antislavery discourse and reveal the interpenetration between French domestic politics and antislavery struggle therein. The revolutionary legacies imposed on French antislavery liberals a crucial mission to overcome the revolutionary stigmas and legitimize abolitionism. Their efforts here struck at the heart of French liberal politics because contestations over revolutionary antislavery were part of the conflict over the interpretations of the French Revolution. This article investigates how French abolitionists mobilized and appropriated the entangled memories of the French and Haitian Revolutions and the controversial state of Haiti as the first post-emancipation society and proof of the equal capability of blacks. Second, this work seeks to rework Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s thesis and grasp the historical process of “silencing the Haitian Revolution,” not reducible to the “unthinkable” or collective trauma. In the shifting political situation from 1814 to 1848, it examines the ways in which French abolitionists and the colonial party contested over the meanings of the Haitian Revolution and Haiti for supporting or obstructing colonial reform. In this process, this article shows how Isambert and French abolitionists installed the French Revolution and its notorious decree of abolition in 1794 as the origin of general liberty, and how the hegemonic narrative of the French Revolution and emancipation eventually “silenced” the Haitian Revolution and Haiti in the grand narrative of French liberty that emerged triumphant in 1848. French abolitionists’ changing perception of the situation of post-independence Haiti played a decisive role in dismissing the Haitian Revolution from the story of emancipation.

Citation status

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