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Study on The Process of Forming Discourse about Animation in Korea : Animation Reborn as Art through Discourse

  • The Journal of Aesthetics and Science of Art
  • Abbr : JASA
  • 2014, 42(), pp.365-408
  • Publisher : 한국미학예술학회
  • Research Area : Arts and Kinesiology > Other Arts and Kinesiology
  • Published : October 31, 2014

KIM ILLIM 1

1한양대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

It was not until the 1990s that Animation was granted the status of art in Korea. That kind of abrupt change is usually based on intensive artificial movement and it was discourse on Animation that took the lead in this case. They might think Korean Animation has grown continuously since the early 20th century, but there were non-continuities before and after the 1990s. In that decade of paradigm shift, Animation in Korea has been re-recognized as culture and art. The intention of this study is to explain how discourse on Animation in Korea has been formed by analyzing articles, books and papers about Animation which were written during 1900～1999 in Korea and reveal the continuity and discontinuity in comments about Animation regarding the 1990s as a watershed. They already wrote articles about Animation in the 1930s and began to treat that genre intensively from 1967 when the first Korean feature-length Animation Hong Gil Dong was released. However, it's hard to say there was any field of discourse on Animation yet. Negative impression about Animation has been built from the 1970s to the 1980s and Korean Animation industries developed as contractors for Japanese Animation from this period. It means negative impression of Japan led to negative perception of Animation. Also science fiction which Japanese Animation made popular was underestimated too. In the atmosphere of encouraging culture industries and the Open-Door Policy toward Japanese popular culture in the 1990s, discourse on Animation began to ignite. There are three different factors in the 1990s comparing to pre-1990s. First, fields of discourse on Animation was constructed. Secondly, concept of Animation as a genre was formed. Thirdly, ideology of "Korean Animation" was born. Discourse on Animation in Korea has taken a important role in interacting with overseas’ Animation culture, as a substitute for Animation works. Only a few original animation films were made in Korea during that decade. Before the 1990s, Korean has opposing views against Japan about science fiction and children. Animation and science fiction which were strongly affected by Japan were neglected because of colonial trauma. Nevertheless, Korean society has always kept positive opinions about Animation for technological and financial values. This paper sheds light on the points as below. First, there is an asymmetric gap between Korean Animation works and discourse. While absence of Animation works, discourse on Animation took a role as a representative of Korean Animation. Secondly, the ideology of Korean animation which was burdened by industrial success has been built artificially and intensively in the 1990s. Thirdly, the period of forming discourse on Animation in Korea synchronized with the one when animation went over from sub-culture to art.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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