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Searching for a New Direction in Literary Criticism of the Pentateuch: Focusing on Exodus 13:17-14:31

Eunwoo Lee 1

1장로회신학대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to find out the various source layers that appear in this text through a literary critical study of Exodus 13:17-14:31. Through this study, the writer tries to find answers to some fundamental questions about the recent literary criticism of Exodus and the Pentateuch. In particular, the writer tries to find a new way to classify and understand the traditional J and E sources, which have recently been classified as non-priestly layers by scholars. In this study, the writer reveals that the layer that leads the basic flow in this story of crossing the Red Sea is P. The P material in this text is mainly Yahweh's command and fulfillment, the persecution of Pharaoh whose heart was hardened by Yahweh, the pursuit of the Egyptian army, the miracle at sea and the role of Moses as a miracle performer, Yahweh helping Moses perform the miracle and the death of Egyptian armies in the sea and the glory of Yahweh. In this tale, the writer classifies 14:1-4, 8-10, 15-18, 22-23, 26-29 as the P layer. In this miracle story, it is not easy to read the text as a unified story except for the priestly material layer. However, it can be seen that this part is related to the dramatic events caused by Israel's flight. Therefore, this non-priestly layer consists of the pursuit of Pharaoh's army, Israel's fears and complaints, and God's miracles and acts of salvation to save Israel. The writer divides 13:17-19, 20-22, 14:5-7, 11-14, 19-20, 21, 24-25, 30-31 into the non-priestly layer of the text. This non-priestly layer is composed of the post-priestly editing layer (13:20-22; 14:5-7, 11-14, 19-20) and the post-priestly deuteronomistic redaction (Exodus 13:17-19; 14:21, 24-25, 30- 31). Through this study, we find that the texts that scholars previously claimed to be sources J and E through classical source criticism are editorial extensions added to the basic layer rather than independent sources, and they are all post-priestly or post-deuteronomistic layers. It can be confirmed that this is a post-deuteronomistic addition. And it can be seen that the addition of post-deuteronomistic layer was made later than the editorial work of the post-priestly layer.

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* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

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