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The Theological Logic of Zion Faith in the Pre-Exilic Period: YHWH’s Kingship, His Dwelling in Zion, and Security

  • Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies
  • Abbr : KJOTS
  • 2026, 32(2), pp.188~218
  • DOI : 10.24333/jkots.2026.32.2.188
  • Publisher : Korean Society of Old Testament Studies
  • Research Area : Humanities > Christian Theology
  • Received : February 1, 2026
  • Accepted : May 6, 2026
  • Published : June 30, 2026

Joon-Hyuk Lee 1

1목원대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the theological logic embedded in the Zion Psalm tradition associated with the pre-exilic period, focusing on the early stratum that derives Zion's security from YHWH's kingship and presence without presupposing ethical qualification. Rather than reopening debates over the origin or dating of Zion theology, the study aims to clarify the internal structure of faith confessions arranged within this tradition and rather than recasting it as mere political legitimation, the study proposes that it is better understood as a theological articulation centered on YHWH's sovereignty and presence. The analysis is based on Psalms 2, 46, 47, 48, 76, and 132. Texts that foreground ethical conditions—such as Psalms 15, 24, and Isaiah 33—are excluded from the primary scope, as they more plausibly reflect later reinterpretation. While drawing on J. J. M. Roberts' motif analysis as a heuristic point of departure, the study critically reassesses its applicability to the early stratum. In particular, it argues that Roberts' Element C—which ties Zion's security to the ethical fitness of its inhabitants—reflects a later layer of tradition and should not be read into the early stratum without distinction. Three interconnected motifs are identified as structuring Zion-related faith in this early layer. First, YHWH is confessed as the great king over all nations, providing the theological premise for the entire tradition. Second, this confession of kingship is concretized in the affirmation that YHWH has chosen Zion as his dwelling. Third, his enthroned presence in Zion serves as the sole basis for the city's security. In these texts, Zion's inviolability rests not on military strength, geographical advantage, or the moral condition of its inhabitants, but on the divine presence itself. By clarifying this theological structure, the study proposes a reading that does not reduce the Zion tradition to political ideology. While the tradition carries political implications, the ultimate subject of rule is consistently presented as YHWH rather than the human king, whose authority is delegated and subordinate. This distinction provides a theological framework for interpreting the prophetic critique of Zion theology as a process of ethical reinterpretation rather than outright rejection.

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