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Aspects of Collective Intelligence in 15th Century Gwan-gak Literature: Focusing on “The Preface to Hwanghwajip” in 1488

  • Journal of Korean Literature
  • 2021, (44), pp.315-351
  • DOI : 10.52723/JKL.44.315
  • Publisher : The Society Of Korean Literature
  • Research Area : Humanities > Korean Language and Literature
  • Received : September 30, 2021
  • Accepted : November 10, 2021
  • Published : November 30, 2021

Koo, Seul-Ah 1

1계명대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study intensively analyzed the Preface to Hwangjip(皇華集序), which was created in 1488 by Eo Se-gyeom(魚世謙) and Kim Jong-jik(金宗直), in order to confirm the aspects of Collective Intelligence in 15th Century Gwan-gak Literature. In this process, it was revealed for the first time that Eo Se-gyeom's preface showed a significant difference in content and expression from the works contained in his collection of works. Also, through the difference in the writing method between the first draft and the revised manuscript, it was estimated who the subject of embellishment was. This preface was written to Dong Wol(董越) and Wang Chang(王敞) when they came to Joseon as envoys. At that time, the two envoys were evaluated as having both profound knowledge and etiquette, but their words and actions that harmed the cultural pride of Joseon around the ordinances(詔勅禮) made the minds of King Seongjong and his ministers uncomfortable. Therefore, it was necessary for Joseon to properly express the sense of civilization of Joseon through this preface. This preface was written in such a way that the most outstanding works were selected from among the outstanding writers. The final preface was written by Eo Se-gyeom. In this paper, Seo Geo-jeong's consciousness of civilization was used as a reference for comparison, and the revised final manuscript was compared with Eo Se-gyeom's draft. As a result, Eo Se-gyeom showed an aspect of excessively demeaning the cultural capabilities of Joseon while using many toadyish expressions that conform to the Hwa-i(華夷) order in the first draft. In the revised manuscript, which is presumed to have been censored by Seo Geo-jeong, such expressions are completely deleted, while the creative tradition of the Preface to Hwanghwajip is more actively utilized. On the other hand, Kim Jong-jik emphasized the cultural pride of Joseon to the utmost, but it was not finally adopted. Through this study, it can be inferred that there were fierce discussions and concerns within the Gwan-gak literature over the direction of diplomacy and civilization consciousness in 15th century.

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