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A Study on the Dispatch of Geonjusamui of Dongcheongrye During the Reign of King Yeonsan in Joseon

Han, SeongJoo 1

1강원대학교

Candidate

ABSTRACT

The dispatch of Geonjusamwi(建州三衛) of Dongcheongyre(童淸禮) during the reign of King Yeonsan(燕山君) was carried out to return the captives, to prohibit the invasion of the Jurchen by diplomatic communication, and to figure out roads and topographies in Geonjusamwi area for the future conquest taking the opportunity of the invasion of Wiwon(渭原) in the Amrok River basin. The first dispatch of Dongcheongrye was taken in 1496(2nd year of King Yeonsan’s reign), which took 12~13 days. Dongcheongrye under the title of ‘Samuigyeongchagwan(三衛敬差官)’ visited Geonjuwi(建州衛, Bonwi[本衛]) in person and distributed the edict of Joseon to return the captives during the invasion of Wiwon and to prevent invasion. However, he visited only Geonjuwi and failed to reach Jawi(左衛) and Wuwi(右衛). He got a promise of returning the captives, but no actual returning was made. He was promised not to make invasion to Joseon. And he hurriedly returned due to heavy snow promising to meet at Manpo(滿浦) in the next spring. When the meeting at Manpo was not kept, chiefs of Geonjusamwi requested the dispatch of Dongcheongrye by sending a letter, and there was another discuss to the re-dispatch of Dongcheongrye. At last, the 2nd dispatch was decided in 1497(3rd yeard of King Yeonsan’s reign) under the title of ‘Samwiseonyugwan(三衛宣諭官)’ for 20 days in Gyeonjusamwi. During the 2nd dispatch, they arrived at Geonjuwi(Bonwi) through the flat short-cut along with the Jurchen which was promised during the meeting in the first dispatch. They could see defense facilities installed by the Jurchen and there were also threats and intervention by Geunsanjeokha(金山赤下) who invaded into Wiwon. However, they could encounter chiefs of Geonjusamwi including Geonjuwi(Bonwi) Dalhan(達罕), Jwawi Toro(土老), Wuwi Bohwato(甫化土) and distributed the edict of Josen respectively. The Geonjusamwi chiefs welcomed Dongcheongrye by receiving gifts and goods and by hosting a party. They promised not to invade Joseon, and especially Dalhan introduced Dongcheongrye detailed road information. After achieving intended objectives, Dongcheongrye returned with 3 Joseon captives by the guard of 200 Jurchen people. It was regarded the relation between the two was halted due to the Chomu(招撫) on Geonjusamwi during the King Sejo(世祖) and the intervention of Ming of it, but the diplomatic relation between Joseon and Geonjusamwi continued thereafter. The facts that King Seongjong(成宗) accepted diplomatic relation with Geonjusamwi by opening the traffic roads of Pyeongando(平安道) and King Yeonsan dispatched Dongcheongrye demonstrated the continued relation. In particular, the dispatch of Dongcheongrye shows part of Gimi(羈縻, carrot and stick) policy toward the Jurchen, and such policy continued until the Jurchen was integrated by the later Jin dynasty.

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