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Bronze scoop from barrows of early iron age in the western part of Eurasian steppes

이지은 1,  MaksimenkoV.Ye 2

1러시아 남부 연방대학교
2러시아 남부 연방대학

Candidate

ABSTRACT

In the steppe zone of southern‐eastern Europe, the western part of Eurasian steppes, from the barrows BC fifth–forth centuries of early iron age were found some unordinary bronze scoops. Many of them have a hemispherical shape. There are holes in the bottom and wall. Some scholars think, that these kinds of things can be the brazier. But they didn’t suggest the adaptable reason. There’s no study on these things in detail. Just at the preliminary reports of excavations and publications were written very shortly about them. Scoops can be classified into two groups by handles and plug. The first group includes the scoop with two handles in the upper sector. The plug in the side of scoops is characterized by the second group. By the way the second group can divide into two types. In the first type form is flatter than the second group’s. Holes are located in the bottom and the lower part of scoops. Moreover the form of them likes a circle, triangle or oval. In compare with the scoops of second type, they were made roughly. Usually they were discovered in the barrows, which belong to the archaeological culture Savromate. Openwork scoops come under the second type of the second group. General form of them is such as sphere. This kind of things were found from the rich barrows of Scythian rulers in the most western part of Eurasian steppes. As far as know, there 9 scoops in the western part of Eurasian steppes, including three from the area of Ural‐Volga, two from the area of Don, one from the north part of Caucasus and three from the area of Dnieper. It’s possible to know the five conditions, where and with what these artifacts were found. In this work authors give their view on multifunctional uses of objects. The first purpose – brazier and censer. Herodotus made a note about Scythian bath. After funeral ceremony, Scythian made themselves clean through the fumigation of the hemp in the Scythian bath. The second purpose – these artifacts could be using like a scoop for taking out the meat from the kettle. In some situations our objects were found with the kettle or spoon. The third function – people used them to make a cheese. Because of some of them were in the mound, so maybe people put them after funeral ritual and sacrifice.

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