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A Study on Spatial Analysis of Busanpo and Busanjin Fortress

Sim Bong Keun 1

1동아대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Busan had been used to be written with Chinese characters 'Busan(富山)', but it has changed to 'Busan(釜山)' since the first December under the rule of King Seongjong. According to many old documents including 'Dongkukyeojiseunglam', 'Busan(釜山)' came from a cauldron-shaped surrounding mountain and Busanpo was located below it. Although the dominant view is that 'Busan(釜山)' indicating 'Jeungsan(甑山),' a hill located in Jwacheon-dong, Dong-gu, had been used after Beomcheonjeungsanseong Fortress(凡川甑山城) was constructed during Imjin War, it is not related to 'Busan(釜山)' the name that has been used since the early King Seongjong period. Many numerical reviews were conducted on the relevant documents, but they weren't a great help. In addition, the phrase '山勢亞如釜 城門臨水開…波濤拔地廻 使華留滯日 登眺共徘徊' of 'Deungbusanchanasanun(登釜山次螺山韻)', written by Shinyu in 1643, which has been widely cited for the Jeungsan theory, is useful material to understand Busanjin Fortress after Imjin War, but it is not relevant to the fortress before Imjin War. One of useful materials is 'Dongraebusanpo map' of 'Haedongjegukgi(海東諸國記)'. This map was attached to Yejojawrang(禮曹佐郞) Namje's report for the fire of Sampoweho and the result of census of Japanese people living in Korea in the fifth year of King Seongjong(1474). The map is relatively well describing Youngcheong, rivers, mountains, islands and sea surrounding Jaseongdae Park and the mouth of Beomcheon. Especially, it is the only data that describes pre-Imjin War Busanpo including Gyeongangsa Temple(見江寺) located in the northeast of Jaseongdae Park, Jowalam in the east of it, buildings densely built around the mouth of Dongcheon and Dongcheon Bridge. Therefore, it indicates that Jaseongdae Park signifies Busan since there are no mountains, except the mountain in Jaseongdae Park, around Busanpo on the assumption that Busanpo is located below the cauldron-shaped mountain called 'Busan(釜山)'. In addition, Mokjangseong Map made in 1663 showed that individual wooden fences were installed at Octuplicate Ridgeof Jaseongdae Park and the shore under it, and that the fortress with trenches was marked around the shore. 'Busan(釜山)' is marked with Chinese ink on the top of it, which indicates the location of Busan again. Next is the location of Busanjin Fortress. The location of Busanjin Fortress is divided into the pre-Imjin War location and the post-Imjin War location. Therefore, it is assumed that Busanjin Fortress was located in the valley or the lowland adjacent to the coastline in the northeast of Bongsaeng Hospital on Jwacheon-dong which was marked as Youngcheong in 'Haedongjekukgi' before Imjin War. The current location of Jeonggongdan would be the northwestern boundary. Although most of maps made in the late Joseon Dynasty indicates that the fortress is located to the top of Jeungsan above Jeonggongdan, it does not satisfy geographical conditions of the fortress of naval force. 'Painting of the Battle of Busanjin Fortress' made later marks Jeungsanseong Fortress in Jeungsan and ramparts (Busanjin Fortress later) including the castle gate around Jaseongdae Park and shows Busanjin Fortress in the middle of it. It would be no difference with the prediction mentioned before, even considering the coastline crowded with vessels, Japanese fortress on the top and seaside fortress. Meanwhile, Japanese people constructed Beomcheonjeungsanseong Fortress (Japanese castle) in the hill of Jwacheong-dong and the coastline below Jaseongdae Park of Beomil-dong after Busan Castle had been fallen during Imjin War. However, since the Japanese forces who were defeated in Jeongyu War left, Jaseongdae was remodelled a part of Japanese castle in Jaseongdae Park which is in the middle of Beomcheonjeungsanseong Fortress and used it as Busanjin Fortress. Japanese residents were shifted to the west, and Gaeunpojin and Dumopojin were moved to Jowacheong-dong and Sujeong-dong. Busanjin Fortress was settled around Jaseongdae Park. The neighborhood of Jaseongdae Park is marked as Busanjin Fortress in Saroseungudo, Painting of Younggadae of Jinjehwacheop, Local Maps in the Late Choseon Dynasty. In addition, the reason why the plane of Busanjin Fortress is polygonal instead of oval, round or square is the result of partial use of Japanese castle. Therefore, it is obvious that the current rampart around Jaseongdae Park is not a small castle of Busanjin Fortress but the location of Busanjin Fortress after Imjin War. In other words, the original downtown of Busan(富山) in the Choseon dynasty is the neighborhood of Jaseongdae Park of Beomil-dong at the mouth of Dongcheon which used to be the location of Busanpo. Moreover, the cauldron-shaped mountain Busan(釜山), the name changed from Busan(釜山) in the early King Seongjong period, is the mountain where Jaseongdae Park is located in. In case of Busanjin Fortress, it used to be located in the northeastern coastal lowland of Bongsaeng Hospital on Jwacheon-dong before Imjin War and its location changed to the current Jaseongdae Park on Beomil-dong after Jeongyu War. Hence, it is desirable that the current name 'Jaseongdae' should be changed to Busan, its original name, in terms of restoration of the original downtown of Busan.

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