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Japanese colonial era A Study on the Chongcheonsa of Gokjeong in Busan

  • Journal of Cultural Relics
  • Abbr : JCR
  • 2020, 38(38), pp.157-183
  • DOI : 10.23117/jcr.2020.38.38.006
  • Publisher : The Research Institute of Cultural Relics in East Asia
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : September 13, 2020
  • Accepted : October 13, 2020
  • Published : November 10, 2020

Eunryung Choi 1

1문화재청

Candidate

ABSTRACT

Chongcheonsa Temple in Busan was the first temple to be opened in Korea by the Japanese Jogye Order. The location of the Chongcheonsa Temple is Gokjeong in the Japanese colonial era administrative district, where the Japanese cemetery and crematorium were located. After the opening of the port, the Japanese built a cemetery in Bokbyeongsan Mountain, which was close to the city's capital, and relocated the Japanese military's Busan Guard and the cemetery in 1907 to maintain the city's area. The Japanese cemetery on Bokbyeongsan Mountain was relocated to Gokjeong, and a crematorium for the latest facilities was built. Currently, Biseok Culture Village in Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, is located in the Gokjeong Cemetery, where the ARMY Elementary School was located. Ami-dong Biseok Culture Village was transformed into a residential area after the Korean War, where refugees gathered to live. It is now known as Busan's representative mountain corridor village, and the spatiality of the site, which has been formed since Japanese colonial era, has attracted many researchers in various fields, including history, architecture, and folklore. The Gokjeong area, where the Chongcheons were located, is a place of death consisting of Japanese cemeteries and cremation facilities, and the fact that the Chongcheons were the only religious facilities makes us wonder about their existence and role. At that time, it was common for religious facilities in Japan to be located adjacent to the Japanese residence, and the same was true of other Buddhist sects. The Gokjeong Chongcheonsa Temple in Busan was the first temple to be opened in Joseon by the Japanese Jogye Order. It was located in Gokjeong, where the Japanese cemetery and crematorium were located, and mainly dedicated to funeral services for the Japanese people and cooperated with the Japanese community. In particular, the general angel took the lead in rationalizing the war in Japan and actively cooperated in the construction of a court and the Chungryeong Tower for Japanese war veterans. The Gokjeong Chongcheonsa Temple in Busan established many mission centers in the Busan area, solidifying the role of the Jogye Order of Japanese Buddhism only for the sake of the Japanese people and for the sake of the Japanese government until the liberation of Joseon. Japanese colonial era Education facilities were built with liberation on the site of the general angel of Gokjeong in Busan, and Ami Elementary School has remained there until now. A stone statue, a stone base called the Suho Tower, and other stone sculptures remain on the invisible ridge behind the school, and the surrounding information boards indicate that the statue and stone base were in a completely different form from those of Korea, suggesting that it was a Buddha statue of Japanese colonial era's general angel. In this paper, we could not discuss in detail the events and figures that appeared in the newspaper articles of the general angel of Busan, but we would like to leave them as assignments.

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