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The Problem of ‘Good Will’ and ‘Freedom’ in Kant

Paek Chong-Hyon 1

1서울대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

If we mean by ‘will’ a faculty of desire to find an inner determiningground of an action merely within reason, it would be to mean that sucha will is free in itself, pure, and absolutely good without respect tocontext. So construed, to say that a man acts according to his will is tosay that he acts freely, and is in turn to say that he acts ‘purely’ and‘virtuously’ in obedience to what his reason commands only. This showsthat a will is in essence a ‘free’ and ‘good’ will. Considering that humans as rational animals are, however, supposed tohave ‘passions’ based on their animality as well as a ‘good will’ that originatesfrom their reason, a free will should be defined as an ability ofone’s mind in which he is constrained to subordinate his will, regardlessof any kind of external conditions like passions, to the necessity of thelaw of practical reason. Here Kant explains ‘the freedom of a will’ interms of ‘the autonomy of pure practical reason’, thereby seeing freedomas a human power to subordinate itself to self legislative laws, i.e., autonomy,and by doing so, he proceeds to open a new horizon for understanding the concept of freedom. Kant continues that humans so defined can belong to the two (naturaland moral) worlds at the same time due to their dual (animality and rationality)nature, and therefore are under the influence of the causalitiesof nature and freedom at the same time. And this kind of dual nature ofa human being is the ground for human personality.

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