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The Development of Ancient Polities and Characteristics of Leaders in the Eastern part of Honam Province

  • Journal of Humanities, Seoul National University
  • 2026, 83(1), pp.79~107
  • Publisher : Institute of Humanities, Seoul National University
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities
  • Received : February 2, 2026
  • Accepted : February 10, 2026
  • Published : February 28, 2026

Kwon Ohyoung 1

1서울대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Multiple polities that developed in the eastern Honam region have generally been regarded as peripheral in Korean ancient history. This perception largely stems from the traditional historiographical framework that explains the development of ancient states primarily from the perspective of the centers or capitals of Baekje and Silla. In the process of overcoming this perspective, a new argument emerged suggesting that this region had once formed part of Gaya, and this view is now widely accepted. However, the identity of the polities in this region is far from straightforward and cannot be simply defined as either Baekje or Gaya. The material culture of the numerous small-scale polities differed from one another, and over time they alternately adopted elements of material culture from surrounding polities, including Baekje, Daegaya, Sogaya, and Silla. The level of development among the polities of the eastern Honam region varied considerably, and the degree of chiefly authority was not uniform. Their political approaches and attitudes toward Baekje and Gaya were also not identical, differing from region to region. Accordingly, the polities of the eastern Honam region should not be understood as a single political entity that was incorporated at once by Baekje or Gaya, but rather as multiple polities possessing diverse identities. Moreover, instead of treating them merely as objects incorporated into Baekje, Gaya, or Silla, future research should place these regional polities themselves at the center of analysis.

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