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A Comparative Study on Requirements for the Admissibility of Condemnation in South Korea and Japan

  • Public Land Law Review
  • Abbr : KPLLR
  • 2010, 48(), pp.229-268
  • Publisher : Korean Public Land Law Association
  • Research Area : Social Science > Law

류하백 1

1토지수용연구회

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Article 23 of the Constitution of South Korea guarantees private property rights of all citizens, and goes on to provide that condemnation of property rights for public use shall be governed by law and upon payment of just compensation therefor, and Article 29 of the Constitution of Japan does as well. The taking of property presupposes four requirements for serious but vain attempts to reach amicable agreements with landowner, for a public use, by statutes and under payment of just compensation. In japan the limits placed on the exercise of eminent domain are defined in the regulation(Cabinet Order enacted) and statutes that created them, but Korea has any regulation not to affect the essential substances of private property. Japanese Land Expropriation Act(JLWA) governing condemnation proceedings requires a variety of notices and hearings for the landowner. but Korean Public Land Aquisition and Compensation Act(KPLACA) does. But in Korea public use requirement of the Constitution is made null and void by compulsory provisions of every statute that ought to be taken for the contemplated project, and those provisions give him or her a naked grant of authority to determine a contemplated project to take lands needed denying applying a strict public use test of the Constitution's requirement. In Japan the basis of valuing personal property taken by eminent domain for purposes of computing just compensation shall invariably be the amount based on current value(fair market value), meanwhile in Korea the amount of compensation be based on the officially assessed land price as just compensation which might violate the principle of private autonomy, and development gains shall be excluded from just compensation for the land taken by the Constitutional Court.

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