Journal of Tourism Sciences 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 2.7
-
pISSN : 1226-0533 / eISSN : 2713-6388
- https://journal.kci.go.kr/JTS
KJCKorea
Journal Central
An Exploratory Study on Optimistic Bias in Risk Perception of COVID 19: Perspectives of Jeju Visitors
- Journal of Tourism Sciences
- Abbr : JTS
- 2020, 44(8), pp.79-101
- DOI : 10.17086/JTS.2020.44.8.79.101
- Publisher : The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea
- Research Area : Social Science > Tourism
- Received : August 17, 2020
- Accepted : October 17, 2020
- Published : November 1, 2020
Kim Young Nam 1, Hong Sung-Hwa 1
1제주대학교
Excellent Accredited
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate risk perception among tourists who visited Jeju during the spread of COVID-19. We sought to determine whether there is an optimistic bias. We also explored if individual risk perception, involvement, and self-efficacy against COVID-19. influence the optimistic bias. The global tourism market has been hit hard by the spread of the COVID-19. Even though people have avoided travel in order to escape the risk of infection, there are also tourists who have engaged in travel. This study investigated the risk perception and optimistic bias of travel behavior with 294 tourists who traveled Jeju Island during the spread of COVID-19. Empirical studies have shown that tourists have optimistic bias about the risk of COVID-19. This phenomenon was significantly higher in women than in men, and in the 20’s ages than in over 60’s. As a result of regression analysis using risk perception, involvement, and self-efficacy, it was found that risk perception and self-efficacy influence optimistic bias. This study suggests that optimistic bias is the cause of the behavioral tendency that is different from tourism avoidance behavior that appears through risk perception regarding the risk of COVID-19. The results of this study could play an important role in understanding tourists' perceptions and behavioral intentions of tourism threats such as infectious diseases and natural disasters. Practically, it may be possible to provide basic data for establishing a marketing strategy that can limit tourism activities to tourism threats or, conversely, attract tourists.
Statistics
-
1,424 Viewed
-
1 Downloaded
Tools
Issue List
Citation status
* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.
[journal]
Arnett, J. J.
/ 2000
/ Emerging adulthood : A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties
/ American Psychologist
55(5)
: 469~480
[journal]
Aro, A. R.
/ 2009
/ Willingness to take travel-related health risks : A study among Finnish tourists in Asia during the avian influenza outbreak
/ International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
16(1)
: 68~73
[journal]
Atabek, O.
/ 2020
/ Associations between emotional states, self-efficacy for and attitude towards using educational technology
/ International Journal of Progressive Education
16(2)
: 175~194
[journal]
Aucote, H. M.
/ 2005
/ Nonequivalence of direct and indirect measures of unrealistic optimism
/ Psychology, Health & Medicine
10(2)
: 194~201
[journal]
Avis, N. E.
/ 1989
/ Accuracy of perceptions of heart attack risk : What influences perceptions and can they be changed?
/ American Journal of Public Health
79(12)
: 1608~1612
[journal]
Bandura, A.
/ 1989
/ Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making
/ Journal of Personality and social Psychology
56(5)
: 805~814
[journal]
Brewer, N. T.
/ 2007
/ Predictors of HPV vaccine acceptability:A theory-informed, systematic review
/ Preventive Medicine
45(2–3)
: 107~114
[journal]
장정헌
/ 2013
/
Testing the Links between Health Belief Model, Optimistic Bias, and Behavioral Intention : The Case Study of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Mad Cow Disease, and H1N1 Flu
/ 한국언론학보
/ 한국언론학회
57(1)
: 111~137
[journal]
Chapin, J.
/ 2005
/ Optimistic bias among potential perpetrators and victims of youth violence
/ Adolescence
40(160)
: 749~761
[book]
Chapman, V. L.
/ 2008
/ Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice
/ John Wiley & Sons
: 45~65
[journal]
조승아
/ 2018
/
The Influence of Optimistic Bias on Risk Perception, Tourist Destination Switching Intention, and Risk Reduction Behavior
/ 관광학연구
/ 한국관광학회
42(10)
: 175~190
[journal]
최민욱
/ 2009
/
A Study on the Third-Person Effect in Health Communication Campaign
/ 커뮤니케이션학 연구
/ 한국커뮤니케이션학회
17(2)
: 125~153
[journal]
최재우
/ 2015
/
The Structural Relationship between SNS Tourism Information Value, Perceived Risk, and Tourism Destination Switching Behavior
/ 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지
/ 한국콘텐츠학회
15(11)
: 524~533
[journal]
Clarke, V. A.
/ 2000
/ Unrealistic optimism and the health belief model
/ Journal of Behavioral Medicine
23(4)
: 367~
[journal]
DeJoy, D. M.
/ 1992
/ An examination of gender differences in traffic accident risk perception
/ Accident Analysis & Prevention
24(3)
: 237~246
[journal]
Dillard, A. J.
/ 2006
/ Unrealistic optimism in smokers:Implications for smoking myth endorsement and self-protective motivation
/ Journal of Health Communication
11(S1)
: 93~102
[journal]
Dos Santos, L. M.
/ 2017
/ The relationship between personal beliefs and teaching practice of ESL teachers at a community centre in Toronto : A qualitative research in progress
/ Alberta Journal of Educational Research
63(1)
: 98~101
[journal]
Erkan, I.
/ 2016
/ The influence of eWOM in social media on consumers’purchase intentions : An extended approach to information adoption
/ Computers in Human Behavior
61
: 47~55
[journal]
Floyd, D. L.
/ 2000
/ A meta-analysis of research on protection motivation theory
/ Journal of Applied Social Psychology
30(2)
: 407~429
[journal]
Font, J. C.
/ 2009
/ Optimism and the perceptions of new risks
/ Journal of Risk Research
12(1)
: 27~41
[journal]
Gabriel, S.
/ 1999
/ Are there"his"and"her"types ofinterdependence? The implications of gender differences in collective and relational interdependence for affect, behavior, and cognition
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
77(3)
: 642~655
[journal]
Glynn, C. J.
/ 1988
/ Public opinion about public opinion
/ Journalism Quarterly
65(2)
: 299~306
[journal]
Helweg-Larsen, M.
/ 2001
/ Do moderators of the optimistic bias affect personal or target risk estimates? A review of the literature
/ Personality and Social Psychology Review
5(1)
: 74~95
[journal]
Henshaw, E. J.
/ 2009
/ Conceptualizing mental health care utilization using the health belief model
/ Clinical Psychology : Science and Practice
16(4)
: 420~439
[web]
Hong, Y. J.
/ 2020
/ A booming domestic golf trip to Corona19..."The weekday Booking War."
/ Yonhap News
/ https://news.v.daum.net/v/20200621071801677
[journal]
Hoorens, V.
/ 1993
/ Social comparison of health risks : Locus of control, the person-positivity bias, and unrealistic optimism
/ Journal of Applied Social Psychology
23(4)
: 291~302
[web]
Jeju Tourism Association
/ 2020
/ Jeju visitor statistics for February 2020
/ http://visitjeju.or.kr/web/bbs/bbsDtl.do?pageIndex=1&sBbsId=TOURSTAT&bbsId=TOURSTAT¬iceNum=290&authNum=&sKeyOpt=1&sKey=
[journal]
강지원
/ 2016
/
Improving Security Awareness about Smishing through Experiment on the Optimistic Bias on Risk Perception
/ 정보보호학회논문지
/ 한국정보보호학회
26(2)
: 475~487
[journal]
Knox, B.
/ 2000
/ Consumer perception and understanding of risk from food
/ British Medical Bulletin
56(1)
: 97~109
[journal]
김영우
/ 2005
/
A study on the Effects of Perceived Risk and Travel Motivation in Travel Typology Choice: A Multinomial Logit Model Approach
/ 관광학연구
/ 한국관광학회
29(3)
: 291~313
[journal]
Kim, H.
/ 2020
/ Effects of Facebook comments on attitude toward vaccines : The roles of perceived distributions of public opinion and perceived vaccine efficacy
/ Journal of Health Communication
25(2)
: 159~169
[journal]
Kim, A. R.
/ 2001
/ Construction and validation of academic self-efficacy scale
/ The Journal of Educational Research
39(2)
: 31~42
[journal]
김청자
/ 2013
/
The Relationship among Self-efficacy, Self-determination and Academic achievement of Middle/High School Student
/ 한국산학기술학회논문지
/ 한국산학기술학회
14(3)
: 1148~1156
[journal]
김인숙
/ 2012
/
The impact of risk perception of nuclear power, perception of knowledge, the use of communication channels, the third-person effect about nuclear accident on optimistic bias ― Fukushima nuclear accident.
/ 언론과학연구
/ 한국지역언론학회
12(3)
: 79~106
[journal]
김정현
/ 2010
/
University Students' Perceptions Relating Novel Influenza A(H1N1) and Perceptual Bias
/ 한국언론학보
/ 한국언론학회
54(3)
: 77~98
[journal]
김봉철
/ 2006
/
Optimistic Bias and Third-Person Effect about School Violence
/ PR연구
/ 한국PR학회
10(2)
: 169~197
[journal]
Lapsley, D. K.
/ 2010
/ Subjective invulnerability, optimism bias and adjustment in emerging adulthood
/ Journal of Youth and Adolescence
39(8)
: 847~857
[journal]
Larsen, S.
/ 2011
/ ‘I am not at risk –typical tourists are’! Social comparison of risk in tourists
/ Perspectives in Public Health
131(6)
: 275~279
[web]
Lee, J. J.
/ 2020
/ Restriction of entry to Koreans in 65 countries of 'one-third of the world'. A surge in government power
/ Yonhap News
/ https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200228033053504?input=1179m
[journal]
이민영
/ 2016
/
Optimistic Bias of Risk Perception and Intention for Coping Behavior : Focusing on Japan Radiation Risk
/ 미디어 경제와 문화
/ (주)에스비에스
14(1)
: 85~123
[journal]
이경미
/ 2008
/
A study on Jeju area's disaster broadcasting related to Typhoon Nari
/ 언론정보연구
/ 언론정보연구소
45(1)
: 97~129
[journal]
이민영
/ 2009
/
The Effects of Message Frame and Involvement on Optimistic Bias
/ 한국언론정보학보
/ 한국언론정보학회
48(4)
: 191~210
[journal]
이민영
/ 2016
/
The Influence of Risk Controllability and Information Format on Optimistic Bias
/ 언론과학연구
/ 한국지역언론학회
16(2)
: 184~213
[journal]
Lin, Y. C.
/ 2005
/ Gender differences in unrealistic optimism about marriage and divorce : Are men more optimistic and women more realistic?
/ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
31(2)
: 198~207
[journal]
McKercher, B.
/ 2004
/ The overreaction to SARS and the collapse of Asian tourism
/ Annals of Tourism Research
31(3)
: 716~719
[journal]
Millstein, S. G.
/ 2002
/ Perceptions of risk and vulnerability
/ Journal of Adolescent Health
31(1)
: 10~27
[journal]
Moreira, P.
/ 2008
/ Stealth risks and catastrophic risks: On risk perception and crisis recovery strategies
/ Journal of Travel &Tourism Marketing
23(2–4)
: 15~27
[journal]
Murray, S. L.
/ 1996
/ The benefits of positive illusions : Idealization and the construction of satisfaction in close relationships
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
70(1)
: 79~98
[journal]
노정희
/ 2008
/
The Influence of Perceived Risks as a Tourism Destination and Destination Image on Intention to Visit South Korea
/ 관광레저연구
/ (사)한국관광레저학회
20(2)
: 169~188
[journal]
Nowak, B.
/ 2020
/ Adaptive and maladaptive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic : The roles of dark triad traits, collective narcissism, and health beliefs
/ Personality and Individual Differences
167
: 1~6
[journal]
오미숙
/ 2013
/
The Influences of Risk Communication and Risk Perception of the Nuclear Accident in Japan on the Risk Perception of Destination, its Image, and Intention to Visit
/ 관광연구저널
/ 한국관광연구학회
27(2)
: 5~23
[web]
Oh, Y. S.
/ 2020
/ The government "Please refrain from gatherings, travel, and private gatherings". Recommendation to cancel one-off and event events
/ Chosun Ilbo
/ https://news.v.daum.net/v/20200226135754012
[journal]
Park, K.
/ 2010
/ Differences in the perceived influence of natural disasters and travel risk on international travel
/ Tourism Geographies
12(1)
: 1~24
[journal]
Petty, R. E.
/ 1981
/ Issue involvement as a moderator of the effects on attitude of advertising content and context
/ Advances in Consumer Research
8
: 20~24
[journal]
Pine, R.
/ 2004
/ The impact of SARS on Hong Kong’s tourism industry
/ International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
16(2)
: 139~143
[journal]
Porcheddu, R.
/ 2020
/ Similarity in case fatality rates(CFR)of COVID-19/SARSCOV-2 in Italy and China
/ The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
14(02)
: 125~128
[journal]
Radcliffe, N. M.
/ 2002
/ Dispositional, unrealistic and comparative optimism : Differential relations with the knowledge and processing of risk information and beliefs about personal risk
/ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
28(6)
: 836~846
[journal]
Redmond, E. C.
/ 2004
/ Consumer perceptions of food safety risk, control and responsibility
/ Appetite
43(3)
: 309~313
[journal]
Reisinger, Y.
/ 2005
/ Travel anxiety and intentions to travel internationally : Implications of travel risk perception
/ Journal of Travel Research
43(3)
: 212~225
[journal]
Rogers, R. W.
/ 1975
/ A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude changed
/ Journal of Psychology
91(1)
: 93~114
[journal]
Roser, C.
/ 1995
/ Fear appeals and the formation of active publics
/ Journal of Communication
45(1)
: 103~122
[journal]
Schroeder, A.
/ 2013
/ Destination risk perceptions among U. S. Residents for London as the host city of the 2012Summer Olympic Games
/ Tourism Management
38
: 107~119
[book]
Schwarzer, R.
/ 1995
/ Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies
: 259~288
[journal]
손애리
/ 2009
/
Optimistic Bias on HIV/AIDS among High School Students in Seoul, Korea
/ 보건과 사회과학
/ 한국보건사회학회
(25)
: 59~80
[journal]
송해룡
/ 2014
/
Relationship between Risk Involvement, Risk Perception, Perceived Severity and Preventive Behavior Intention of Avian Influenza
/ Crisisonomy
/ (사)위기관리이론과실천
10(5)
: 33~49
[journal]
Sönmez, S. F.
/ 1998
/ Determining future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety
/ Journal of Travel Research
37(2)
: 171~177
[journal]
Sönmez, S. F.
/ 1998
/ Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions
/ Annals of Tourism Research
25(1)
: 112~144
[journal]
Taylor, S. E.
/ 1989
/ Maintaining positive illusions in the face of negative information : Getting the facts without letting them get to you
/ Journal of social and Clinical Psychology
8(2)
: 114~129
[journal]
Thompson, S. C.
/ 1981
/ A complex answer to a simple question : Will it hurt less if I can control it?
/ Psychological Bulletin
90(1)
: 89~101
[journal]
Trumbo, C.
/ 2011
/ The effect of proximity to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on subsequent hurricane outlook and optimistic bias
/ Risk Analysis : An International Journal
31(12)
: 1907~1918
[journal]
Trumbo, C.
/ 2014
/ An assessment of change in risk perception and optimistic bias for hurricanes among Gulf Coast residents
/ Risk Analysis : An International Journal
34(6)
: 1013~1024
[journal]
Tyler, T. R.
/ 1984
/ The mass media and judgments of risk : Distinguishing impact on personal and societal level judgments
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
47(4)
: 693~708
[report]
United Nations World Tourism Organization
/ 2020
/ Covid-19 response: 96% of global destinations impose travel restrictions
/ UNWTO
[journal]
Weinstein, N. D.
/ 1980
/ Unrealistic optimism about future life events
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
39(5)
: 806~820
[journal]
Weinstein, N. D.
/ 1987
/ Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems : conclusions of a community wide sample
/ Journal of Behavioral Medicine
10
: 481~500
[journal]
Weinstein, N. D.
/ 1988
/ The precaution adoption process
/ Health Psychology
7
: 355~386
[journal]
Weinstein, N. D.
/ 1989
/ Optimistic biases about personal risks
/ Science
246(4935)
: 1232~1234
[journal]
Weinstein, N. D.
/ 1996
/ Unrealistic optimism : Present and future
/ Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
15(1)
: 1~8
[confproc]
Wilks, J.
/ 2003
/ Tourism risk management for the Asia Pacific region:An authoritative guide for managing crises and disasters
/ APEC International Centre for Sustainable Tourism (AICST)
[journal]
우형진
/ 2006
/
Re-Exploring the Resonance Effects of the Cultivation Theory : Focusing on Television News Effects on the Risk Perception
/ 한국언론학보
/ 한국언론학회
50(6)
: 254~276