2012, Vol.25, No.4

Second to Fourth Digit Ratio as a Sex Determinant in Korean

Kim Sooil , Keun-Ja Cho | 2012, 25(4) | pp.137~144 | number of Cited : 1

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Morphometric Analysis of the Supraorbital and Infraorbital Foramina Based on the Medial Canthus in Koreans

Lee Myoung Hwa , 정구수 , Sun-Kyoung Yu and 4 other persons | 2012, 25(4) | pp.145~151 | number of Cited : 1

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Knowledge of the location of the maxillo-facial foramina is essential for regional nerve blocks and endoscopic surgical procedures to avoid nerve injury passing through these foramina. The purposes of this study were to determine the locations of the supraorbital foramen (SOF) and the infraorbital foramen (IOF) related to medial canthus (MC), and to analyze the morphology of these foramina. Thirty-two embalmed cadavers (64 sides, mean age: 64.1 years) and 33 dry skulls (66 sides) were used. The distances from the SOF, IOF, and MC to facial midline were directly measured on the cadavers using digital Vernier caliper. The vertical and horizontal distances of the SOF and IOF relative to the medial canthus were indirectly measured on the digital photographs using image analyzer software. The vertical and horizontal diameters of the IOF, and its location in relation to maxillary tooth were evaluated on the dry skull. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with declaration of significant difference when P⁄0.05. The mean distances of SOF, MC, and IOF to the facial midline were 24.13 mm, 15.00 mm, and 29.11 mm, respectively. The SOF was located 18.99 mm superior and 9.05 mm lateral to the medial canthus. The distance between the medial canthus and the SOF was 22.67 mm, and the vertical angle (Angle 1) between these structures was 24.36􀆆superolaterally. The IOF was located 26.69 mm inferior and 13.53 mm lateral to the medial canthus. The distance between the medial canthus and IOF was 30.82 mm and the vertical angle (Angle 2) between these structures was 26.59􀆆inferolaterally. In the this study, spraorbital notch (SON) was found more frequently than the SOF. The mean vertical and horizontal diameters of IOF were 3.36 mm, 3.45 mm, respectively. IOF was most commonly found in the same vertical plane with the second upper premolar. In conclusion, these results are important for performing local anesthetic, facial plastic surgery, and other invasive procedures in the forehead and periorbital region to prevent injury of neurovascular bundles passing through these foramina.

A Morphometric Study on the Mandibular Foramen and the Lingula in Korean

이상완 , 정화해 , 서윤경 and 4 other persons | 2012, 25(4) | pp.153~166 | number of Cited : 1

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Interest in the correction of jaw deformities has increased due to the development of techniques and instruments of jaw operation. The accurate position of the mandibular foramen and lingula is important for the prevention of the complications and successful inferior alveolar nerve block. This study was conducted on 104dried mandibles (65 males, 39 females) from Korean cadaver. The positions of the mandibular foramen and lingula were measured on the coronoid notch, occlusal plane, mandibular notch, gonion, koronoid and kondylion. The structures of the mandibular foramen and lingula were determined and the thickness of ramus and the angle of mandible were measured. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were performed to determine the statistically significant difference. The results as follows;The line between coronoid notch and posterior border of ramus was located on the same level with the tip of lingula in 42.2% of the cases, and in between the mandibular foramen and the tip of lingula in 33.8% of the cases. The occlusal plane was located on the level between the mandibular foramen and the tip of lingula in 47.7% of cases, and on the same level with the tip of lingula in 35.6% of the cases. The line between lower end of the mandibular notch to inferior border of the mandible, in parallel to the posterior border of the mandibles, met the tip of lingula in 55.8% of the cases. The mandibular foramen was located posteriorly to the midpoint on the anteroposterior (AP) width of the ramus. It was located at 57.3% of AP width from the coronoid notch and 56.5%from the occlusal plane. The mandibular foramen and the tip of lingula were located superiorly to the midpoint on the vertical height of the ramus, on the 48.5% and 35.7% of vertical distance from the coronoid notch,respectively. The mandibular foramen was located at 40% of the length on the line from the gonion to the koronion. The results of this study will provide important morphometric information to prevent the complications in mandibular surgery and also provide the basis for the development of the new techniques.

Changes in HO-1, HSP70 and iNOS Expressions in the Rat Liver after Remote Ischemic Preconditioning

전수경 , 서윤경 , Paik Doo Jin | 2012, 25(4) | pp.167~175 | number of Cited : 0

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Association of Corpora Amylacea Formation with Astrocytes and Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Aged Human Brain

남인혜 , Dong Woon Kim , Hee-Jung Song and 3 other persons | 2012, 25(4) | pp.177~184 | number of Cited : 0

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Types of Calcaneal Articular Facets of the Talus in Korean

LEE Ji Yong , 정민호 , 이진숙 and 2 other persons | 2012, 25(4) | pp.185~192 | number of Cited : 1

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Tali are one of the essential components for weight bearing and play an important role in the foot action. The three calcaneal articular facets of the talus are believed to have diverse morphological variations. However, so far, analysis of the articular facets has not been performed in Korean. In the present study, we classified calcaneal articular facets of the talus and measured several parameters of this bone in Korean adults. Seventy six dry tali (male, 47; female, 29; right, 38; left 38) obtained from forty six (male, 28; female, 18)Korean adult cadavers were used for the investigation. The average age of the cadavers was 64-year-old. Types of calcaneal articular facets of the talus were classified as follows: Type A, a type with three separated facets; Type B, types in which anterior and middle facets are connected, but distinguished by a ridge. Type B was subdivided into B1 (having a notch that separates the two facets partially) and B2 (without a definite notch, thus the two facets appear to be continuous smoothly); Type C, a type with combined anterior and middle facets. Type B was found to be the most common type (60.5%), and the incidence of its subtype B1 (28.9%) and B2(31.6%) was similar to each other. Type C was noted in 30.3% of the cases, and type A was ranked the lowest (9.3%). Compared to the opposite gender, type C occurred more frequently in males, while type B1 was more prevalent in females. The length of the talus was somewhat longer in males (55.9 mm) than in females (52.8 mm). However, there was no difference between the two sexes in the width of the talus. We could confirm that morphology of calcaneal articular facets of the talus is different between males and females. Also, our results indicate that characteristics of the facets of Korean differ from those of other races. The characteristics of calcaneal articular facets of the talus disclosed by the present study may provide valuable information for the understanding of motor mechanics of the foot in Korean.

Unusual Course of the Accessory Meningeal Artery

Hur, Mi-Sun , 김호정 , 이규석 | 2012, 25(4) | pp.193~196 | number of Cited : 1

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Anatomy & Biological Anthropology 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.33

2012, Vol.25, No.4