2024, Vol.37, No.1

Anatomy & Biological Anthropology 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.33

pISSN : 2671-5651 / eISSN : 2671-566X
https://journal.kci.go.kr/aba

The aim of this study is to clarify morphological characteristics of the inferior fascicle of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) in Korean cadavers and provide anatomical evidence regarding the role of the inferior fascicle of the AITFL in ankle impingement syndrome. For this study, 79 feet from formalin fixed Korean cadavers(76.86±11.97 years) were dissected, 50 male and 29 female feet, 40 right and 39 left feet. The inferior fascicle of the AITFL were classified using Edama et al’s method. Also, its length, and width were measured, as well as the conjoined between it and the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and the angle between the lower surface of it and articular surface of the tibia plafond. As a result, the inferior fascicle of the AITFL was confirmed in 96.2% of cases, with type Ⅰ in 20 feet (25.3%), type Ⅱ in 21 feet (26.5%), type Ⅲ in 24 feet (30.3%), type Ⅳ absent in 11 feet (13.9%), and absent in 3 feet (3.7%). The angle between the articular surface of the distal fibula and the inferior fascicle of the AITFL was 138.2±13.4°, conjoined between the inferior fascicle of the AITFL and the ATFL was confirmed in 61.8% of cases. The length of the inferior fascicle of the AITFL was 21.6±2.6 mm, and the width at the attachment site of the tibia was 5.9±1.3 mm, at the midpoint of the ligament was 3.9±0.8 mm, and at the attachment site of the fibula was 3.6±0.7 mm. In conclusion, we established anthropological data of the Koreans and provided anatomical evidence that can be applied clinically to understand the association with ankle sprains.

The zygomaticus major muscle (ZMM) has a significant impact on both facial expression and the aging process. To improve clinical applications such as rhytidectomy and botox treatment in the malar region, it is necessary to obtain more specific anatomical data regarding the origin of the ZMM. Therefore, the aims of this study were to identify the origin of the ZMM using soft and hard tissue landmarks in Koreans and to find a stable landmark that can accurately predict the origin location of the ZMM. Twenty-seven hemifaces were used (22 males, 5 females, mean age 61.1 years). The distance from the tragus, lateral canthus, alare as the soft tissue landmarks, and a connecting line between the tragus and soft tissue pogonion to the origin of the ZMM was measured. The distance from the zygomaticotemporal suture, horizontal distance from the lateral orbital wall, vertical distance from the F-H plane, and parallel distance from an oblique line extending from the mental protuberance to the most anterior inferior aspect of the temporal fossa to the origin of ZMM were measured. The mean distances from the tragus, lateral canthus, and alare to the origin of the ZMM were 54.9±5.55, 34.6±4.56, and 59.6±7.14 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the connecting line was 34.3±7.00 mm. The mean distance from the zygomaticotemporal suture was 9.8±2.15 mm. The origin of the ZMM was located at 20.0±4.48 mm laterally from the lateral orbital wall and 7.00±2.81 mm below the F-H plane. The mean distance from the oblique line was 14.3±4.76 mm. As a result of statistical analysis, the degree of scattering of the measured values using the tragus, lateral orbital wall, and F-H plane as landmarks was small. As a result of this study, to predict stably the origin of the ZMM for plastic and reconstructive surgery, it was recommended to use three landmarks: the F-H plane as a horizontal reference line, the tragus as the posterior, and the lateral orbital wall as the anterior.

Vesalius introduced an innovative ‘cut & paste’ technique in the final section of book III of De Humani Corporis Fabrica, to dynamically present the complex anatomy of various blood vessels and the genitalia of both sexes in a three-dimensional perspective. This method was designed to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional illustrations, offering a more interactive and detailed exploration of the human body’s three dimensional structures. The technique involved the meticulous arrangement of eight small illustrations on a single page, which were intended to be cut out and superimposed upon (or below) a large-scaled whole body figure of the vascular system or amongst each other to show the intricate relationships of the structures. This study was performed to reveal the Vesalius’ intentions by rectifing the shortcomings in a previous report that attempted to replicate his technique. Furthermore, it involved a review of the terms he employed and an examination of the historical significance of his pioneering approach.