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21st Century Civilizational Crisis and the World-System Analysis: Immanuel Wallerstein’s Comparative-Historical Perspective

  • Asia Review
  • Abbr : SNUACAR
  • 2020, 10(2), pp.3~35
  • Publisher : 아시아연구소
  • Research Area : Social Science > Social Science in general
  • Received : October 15, 2020
  • Accepted : December 3, 2020
  • Published : December 31, 2020

Hyun-Chin Lim 1 Jin-Ho Jang 2

1서울대학교
2광주과학기술원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The recently continuous spread of infectious diseases including COVID-19 raises the issue of the possible collapse of the so-called ‘Anthropocene’ . On the other hand, global capitalism has increasingly widened gaps between the small number of the haves and the majority of the have-nots leading to the crisis of democracy. In this time of the civilizational crisis, we pay attention to the works and insights of Immanuel Wallerstein, who is considered to have been the founder of the world-system analysis. First, in his scholarly works and discussions, he tried to construct an integrated discipline of ‘historical social science’ overcoming the divorce of history and other social-science disciplines. Second, he suggested the world￾system as the whole to be the proper unit of analysis in research, instead of individual countries or societies. Third, his world-system analysis, which had been influenced by the dependency school, focused on the capitalist world-economy since the 16th century, the modern world-system, which is the historical system composed of the axial division of labor among core, periphery and semi-periphey, the inter-state system of multipolar political and cultural centers, and systemic adjustments as well as hegemonic shifts in the long-term cycles. Antisystemic movements such as the labor-socialist and nationalist movements have arisen since the French Revolution, but they have been unable to overcome the capitalist world-economy. He was even doubtful of the inevitability of historical progress and instead emphasized people’s choices to construct the alternatives in the current chaos. Wallerstein’s discussions have some biases and mistakes. However, his discussions still seem to be very important for seeking alternatives in order to meet today’s civilizational crisis.

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